--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/urllib3/util/connection.py	Sun May 05 23:32:17 2024 -0400
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import socket
+import typing
+
+from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
+from .timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, _TYPE_TIMEOUT
+
+_TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[int, bytes]]]
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .._base_connection import BaseHTTPConnection
+
+
+def is_connection_dropped(conn: BaseHTTPConnection) -> bool:  # Platform-specific
+    """
+    Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
+    :param conn: :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection` object.
+    """
+    return not conn.is_connected
+
+
+# This function is copied from socket.py in the Python 2.7 standard
+# library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
+# One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
+# discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
+def create_connection(
+    address: tuple[str, int],
+    timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
+    socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None = None,
+) -> socket.socket:
+    """Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
+
+    Convenience function.  Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
+    port)``) and return the socket object.  Passing the optional
+    *timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
+    before attempting to connect.  If no *timeout* is supplied, the
+    global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout`
+    is used.  If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
+    for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
+    An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
+    """
+
+    host, port = address
+    if host.startswith("["):
+        host = host.strip("[]")
+    err = None
+
+    # Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
+    # us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
+    # The original create_connection function always returns all records.
+    family = allowed_gai_family()
+
+    try:
+        host.encode("idna")
+    except UnicodeError:
+        raise LocationParseError(f"'{host}', label empty or too long") from None
+
+    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
+        af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
+        sock = None
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+
+            # If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
+            _set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
+
+            if timeout is not _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+                sock.settimeout(timeout)
+            if source_address:
+                sock.bind(source_address)
+            sock.connect(sa)
+            # Break explicitly a reference cycle
+            err = None
+            return sock
+
+        except OSError as _:
+            err = _
+            if sock is not None:
+                sock.close()
+
+    if err is not None:
+        try:
+            raise err
+        finally:
+            # Break explicitly a reference cycle
+            err = None
+    else:
+        raise OSError("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
+
+
+def _set_socket_options(
+    sock: socket.socket, options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None
+) -> None:
+    if options is None:
+        return
+
+    for opt in options:
+        sock.setsockopt(*opt)
+
+
+def allowed_gai_family() -> socket.AddressFamily:
+    """This function is designed to work in the context of
+    getaddrinfo, where family=socket.AF_UNSPEC is the default and
+    will perform a DNS search for both IPv6 and IPv4 records."""
+
+    family = socket.AF_INET
+    if HAS_IPV6:
+        family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
+    return family
+
+
+def _has_ipv6(host: str) -> bool:
+    """Returns True if the system can bind an IPv6 address."""
+    sock = None
+    has_ipv6 = False
+
+    if socket.has_ipv6:
+        # has_ipv6 returns true if cPython was compiled with IPv6 support.
+        # It does not tell us if the system has IPv6 support enabled. To
+        # determine that we must bind to an IPv6 address.
+        # https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/611
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue658327
+        try:
+            sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
+            sock.bind((host, 0))
+            has_ipv6 = True
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    if sock:
+        sock.close()
+    return has_ipv6
+
+
+HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")