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1 // © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
2 // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
3 /*
4 * Copyright (C) 2007-2013, International Business Machines Corporation and
5 * others. All Rights Reserved.
6 ********************************************************************************
7 *
8 * File MSGFMT.H
9 *
10 * Modification History:
11 *
12 * Date Name Description
13 * 02/19/97 aliu Converted from java.
14 * 03/20/97 helena Finished first cut of implementation.
15 * 07/22/98 stephen Removed operator!= (defined in Format)
16 * 08/19/2002 srl Removing Javaisms
17 *******************************************************************************/
18
19 #ifndef MSGFMT_H
20 #define MSGFMT_H
21
22 #include "unicode/utypes.h"
23
24 #if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
25
26 /**
27 * \file
28 * \brief C++ API: Formats messages in a language-neutral way.
29 */
30
31 #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
32
33 #include "unicode/format.h"
34 #include "unicode/locid.h"
35 #include "unicode/messagepattern.h"
36 #include "unicode/parseerr.h"
37 #include "unicode/plurfmt.h"
38 #include "unicode/plurrule.h"
39
40 U_CDECL_BEGIN
41 // Forward declaration.
42 struct UHashtable;
43 typedef struct UHashtable UHashtable; /**< @internal */
44 U_CDECL_END
45
46 U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
47
48 class AppendableWrapper;
49 class DateFormat;
50 class NumberFormat;
51
52 /**
53 * <p>MessageFormat prepares strings for display to users,
54 * with optional arguments (variables/placeholders).
55 * The arguments can occur in any order, which is necessary for translation
56 * into languages with different grammars.
57 *
58 * <p>A MessageFormat is constructed from a <em>pattern</em> string
59 * with arguments in {curly braces} which will be replaced by formatted values.
60 *
61 * <p><code>MessageFormat</code> differs from the other <code>Format</code>
62 * classes in that you create a <code>MessageFormat</code> object with one
63 * of its constructors (not with a <code>createInstance</code> style factory
64 * method). Factory methods aren't necessary because <code>MessageFormat</code>
65 * itself doesn't implement locale-specific behavior. Any locale-specific
66 * behavior is defined by the pattern that you provide and the
67 * subformats used for inserted arguments.
68 *
69 * <p>Arguments can be named (using identifiers) or numbered (using small ASCII-digit integers).
70 * Some of the API methods work only with argument numbers and throw an exception
71 * if the pattern has named arguments (see {@link #usesNamedArguments()}).
72 *
73 * <p>An argument might not specify any format type. In this case,
74 * a numeric value is formatted with a default (for the locale) NumberFormat,
75 * and a date/time value is formatted with a default (for the locale) DateFormat.
76 *
77 * <p>An argument might specify a "simple" type for which the specified
78 * Format object is created, cached and used.
79 *
80 * <p>An argument might have a "complex" type with nested MessageFormat sub-patterns.
81 * During formatting, one of these sub-messages is selected according to the argument value
82 * and recursively formatted.
83 *
84 * <p>After construction, a custom Format object can be set for
85 * a top-level argument, overriding the default formatting and parsing behavior
86 * for that argument.
87 * However, custom formatting can be achieved more simply by writing
88 * a typeless argument in the pattern string
89 * and supplying it with a preformatted string value.
90 *
91 * <p>When formatting, MessageFormat takes a collection of argument values
92 * and writes an output string.
93 * The argument values may be passed as an array
94 * (when the pattern contains only numbered arguments)
95 * or as an array of names and and an array of arguments (which works for both named
96 * and numbered arguments).
97 *
98 * <p>Each argument is matched with one of the input values by array index or argument name
99 * and formatted according to its pattern specification
100 * (or using a custom Format object if one was set).
101 * A numbered pattern argument is matched with an argument name that contains that number
102 * as an ASCII-decimal-digit string (without leading zero).
103 *
104 * <h4><a name="patterns">Patterns and Their Interpretation</a></h4>
105 *
106 * <code>MessageFormat</code> uses patterns of the following form:
107 * <pre>
108 * message = messageText (argument messageText)*
109 * argument = noneArg | simpleArg | complexArg
110 * complexArg = choiceArg | pluralArg | selectArg | selectordinalArg
111 *
112 * noneArg = '{' argNameOrNumber '}'
113 * simpleArg = '{' argNameOrNumber ',' argType [',' argStyle] '}'
114 * choiceArg = '{' argNameOrNumber ',' "choice" ',' choiceStyle '}'
115 * pluralArg = '{' argNameOrNumber ',' "plural" ',' pluralStyle '}'
116 * selectArg = '{' argNameOrNumber ',' "select" ',' selectStyle '}'
117 * selectordinalArg = '{' argNameOrNumber ',' "selectordinal" ',' pluralStyle '}'
118 *
119 * choiceStyle: see {@link ChoiceFormat}
120 * pluralStyle: see {@link PluralFormat}
121 * selectStyle: see {@link SelectFormat}
122 *
123 * argNameOrNumber = argName | argNumber
124 * argName = [^[[:Pattern_Syntax:][:Pattern_White_Space:]]]+
125 * argNumber = '0' | ('1'..'9' ('0'..'9')*)
126 *
127 * argType = "number" | "date" | "time" | "spellout" | "ordinal" | "duration"
128 * argStyle = "short" | "medium" | "long" | "full" | "integer" | "currency" | "percent" | argStyleText | "::" argSkeletonText
129 * </pre>
130 *
131 * <ul>
132 * <li>messageText can contain quoted literal strings including syntax characters.
133 * A quoted literal string begins with an ASCII apostrophe and a syntax character
134 * (usually a {curly brace}) and continues until the next single apostrophe.
135 * A double ASCII apostrohpe inside or outside of a quoted string represents
136 * one literal apostrophe.
137 * <li>Quotable syntax characters are the {curly braces} in all messageText parts,
138 * plus the '#' sign in a messageText immediately inside a pluralStyle,
139 * and the '|' symbol in a messageText immediately inside a choiceStyle.
140 * <li>See also {@link #UMessagePatternApostropheMode}
141 * <li>In argStyleText, every single ASCII apostrophe begins and ends quoted literal text,
142 * and unquoted {curly braces} must occur in matched pairs.
143 * </ul>
144 *
145 * <p>Recommendation: Use the real apostrophe (single quote) character
146 * \htmlonly&#x2019;\endhtmlonly (U+2019) for
147 * human-readable text, and use the ASCII apostrophe ' (U+0027)
148 * only in program syntax, like quoting in MessageFormat.
149 * See the annotations for U+0027 Apostrophe in The Unicode Standard.
150 *
151 * <p>The <code>choice</code> argument type is deprecated.
152 * Use <code>plural</code> arguments for proper plural selection,
153 * and <code>select</code> arguments for simple selection among a fixed set of choices.
154 *
155 * <p>The <code>argType</code> and <code>argStyle</code> values are used to create
156 * a <code>Format</code> instance for the format element. The following
157 * table shows how the values map to Format instances. Combinations not
158 * shown in the table are illegal. Any <code>argStyleText</code> must
159 * be a valid pattern string for the Format subclass used.
160 *
161 * <p><table border=1>
162 * <tr>
163 * <th>argType
164 * <th>argStyle
165 * <th>resulting Format object
166 * <tr>
167 * <td colspan=2><i>(none)</i>
168 * <td><code>null</code>
169 * <tr>
170 * <td rowspan=6><code>number</code>
171 * <td><i>(none)</i>
172 * <td><code>NumberFormat.createInstance(getLocale(), status)</code>
173 * <tr>
174 * <td><code>integer</code>
175 * <td><code>NumberFormat.createInstance(getLocale(), kNumberStyle, status)</code>
176 * <tr>
177 * <td><code>currency</code>
178 * <td><code>NumberFormat.createCurrencyInstance(getLocale(), status)</code>
179 * <tr>
180 * <td><code>percent</code>
181 * <td><code>NumberFormat.createPercentInstance(getLocale(), status)</code>
182 * <tr>
183 * <td><i>argStyleText</i>
184 * <td><code>new DecimalFormat(argStyleText, new DecimalFormatSymbols(getLocale(), status), status)</code>
185 * <tr>
186 * <td><i>argSkeletonText</i>
187 * <td><code>NumberFormatter::forSkeleton(argSkeletonText, status).locale(getLocale()).toFormat(status)</code>
188 * <tr>
189 * <td rowspan=7><code>date</code>
190 * <td><i>(none)</i>
191 * <td><code>DateFormat.createDateInstance(kDefault, getLocale(), status)</code>
192 * <tr>
193 * <td><code>short</code>
194 * <td><code>DateFormat.createDateInstance(kShort, getLocale(), status)</code>
195 * <tr>
196 * <td><code>medium</code>
197 * <td><code>DateFormat.createDateInstance(kDefault, getLocale(), status)</code>
198 * <tr>
199 * <td><code>long</code>
200 * <td><code>DateFormat.createDateInstance(kLong, getLocale(), status)</code>
201 * <tr>
202 * <td><code>full</code>
203 * <td><code>DateFormat.createDateInstance(kFull, getLocale(), status)</code>
204 * <tr>
205 * <td><i>argStyleText</i>
206 * <td><code>new SimpleDateFormat(argStyleText, getLocale(), status)</code>
207 * <tr>
208 * <td><i>argSkeletonText</i>
209 * <td><code>DateFormat::createInstanceForSkeleton(argSkeletonText, getLocale(), status)</code>
210 * <tr>
211 * <td rowspan=6><code>time</code>
212 * <td><i>(none)</i>
213 * <td><code>DateFormat.createTimeInstance(kDefault, getLocale(), status)</code>
214 * <tr>
215 * <td><code>short</code>
216 * <td><code>DateFormat.createTimeInstance(kShort, getLocale(), status)</code>
217 * <tr>
218 * <td><code>medium</code>
219 * <td><code>DateFormat.createTimeInstance(kDefault, getLocale(), status)</code>
220 * <tr>
221 * <td><code>long</code>
222 * <td><code>DateFormat.createTimeInstance(kLong, getLocale(), status)</code>
223 * <tr>
224 * <td><code>full</code>
225 * <td><code>DateFormat.createTimeInstance(kFull, getLocale(), status)</code>
226 * <tr>
227 * <td><i>argStyleText</i>
228 * <td><code>new SimpleDateFormat(argStyleText, getLocale(), status)</code>
229 * <tr>
230 * <td><code>spellout</code>
231 * <td><i>argStyleText (optional)</i>
232 * <td><code>new RuleBasedNumberFormat(URBNF_SPELLOUT, getLocale(), status)
233 * <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.setDefaultRuleset(argStyleText, status);</code>
234 * <tr>
235 * <td><code>ordinal</code>
236 * <td><i>argStyleText (optional)</i>
237 * <td><code>new RuleBasedNumberFormat(URBNF_ORDINAL, getLocale(), status)
238 * <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.setDefaultRuleset(argStyleText, status);</code>
239 * <tr>
240 * <td><code>duration</code>
241 * <td><i>argStyleText (optional)</i>
242 * <td><code>new RuleBasedNumberFormat(URBNF_DURATION, getLocale(), status)
243 * <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.setDefaultRuleset(argStyleText, status);</code>
244 * </table>
245 * <p>
246 *
247 * <h4>Argument formatting</h4>
248 *
249 * <p>Arguments are formatted according to their type, using the default
250 * ICU formatters for those types, unless otherwise specified.</p>
251 *
252 * <p>There are also several ways to control the formatting.</p>
253 *
254 * <p>We recommend you use default styles, predefined style values, skeletons,
255 * or preformatted values, but not pattern strings or custom format objects.</p>
256 *
257 * <p>For more details, see the
258 * <a href="http://userguide.icu-project.org/formatparse/messages">ICU User Guide</a>.</p>
259 *
260 * <h4>Usage Information</h4>
261 *
262 * <p>Here are some examples of usage:
263 * Example 1:
264 *
265 * <pre>
266 * \code
267 * UErrorCode success = U_ZERO_ERROR;
268 * GregorianCalendar cal(success);
269 * Formattable arguments[] = {
270 * 7L,
271 * Formattable( (Date) cal.getTime(success), Formattable::kIsDate),
272 * "a disturbance in the Force"
273 * };
274 *
275 * UnicodeString result;
276 * MessageFormat::format(
277 * "At {1,time,::jmm} on {1,date,::dMMMM}, there was {2} on planet {0,number}.",
278 * arguments, 3, result, success );
279 *
280 * cout << "result: " << result << endl;
281 * //<output>: At 4:34 PM on March 23, there was a disturbance
282 * // in the Force on planet 7.
283 * \endcode
284 * </pre>
285 *
286 * Typically, the message format will come from resources, and the
287 * arguments will be dynamically set at runtime.
288 *
289 * <p>Example 2:
290 *
291 * <pre>
292 * \code
293 * success = U_ZERO_ERROR;
294 * Formattable testArgs[] = {3L, "MyDisk"};
295 *
296 * MessageFormat form(
297 * "The disk \"{1}\" contains {0} file(s).", success );
298 *
299 * UnicodeString string;
300 * FieldPosition fpos = 0;
301 * cout << "format: " << form.format(testArgs, 2, string, fpos, success ) << endl;
302 *
303 * // output, with different testArgs:
304 * // output: The disk "MyDisk" contains 0 file(s).
305 * // output: The disk "MyDisk" contains 1 file(s).
306 * // output: The disk "MyDisk" contains 1,273 file(s).
307 * \endcode
308 * </pre>
309 *
310 *
311 * <p>For messages that include plural forms, you can use a plural argument:
312 * <pre>
313 * \code
314 * success = U_ZERO_ERROR;
315 * MessageFormat msgFmt(
316 * "{num_files, plural, "
317 * "=0{There are no files on disk \"{disk_name}\".}"
318 * "=1{There is one file on disk \"{disk_name}\".}"
319 * "other{There are # files on disk \"{disk_name}\".}}",
320 * Locale("en"),
321 * success);
322 * FieldPosition fpos = 0;
323 * Formattable testArgs[] = {0L, "MyDisk"};
324 * UnicodeString testArgsNames[] = {"num_files", "disk_name"};
325 * UnicodeString result;
326 * cout << msgFmt.format(testArgs, testArgsNames, 2, result, fpos, 0, success);
327 * testArgs[0] = 3L;
328 * cout << msgFmt.format(testArgs, testArgsNames, 2, result, fpos, 0, success);
329 * \endcode
330 * <em>output</em>:
331 * There are no files on disk "MyDisk".
332 * There are 3 files on "MyDisk".
333 * </pre>
334 * See {@link PluralFormat} and {@link PluralRules} for details.
335 *
336 * <h4><a name="synchronization">Synchronization</a></h4>
337 *
338 * <p>MessageFormats are not synchronized.
339 * It is recommended to create separate format instances for each thread.
340 * If multiple threads access a format concurrently, it must be synchronized
341 * externally.
342 *
343 * @stable ICU 2.0
344 */
345 class U_I18N_API MessageFormat : public Format {
346 public:
347 #ifndef U_HIDE_OBSOLETE_API
348 /**
349 * Enum type for kMaxFormat.
350 * @obsolete ICU 3.0. The 10-argument limit was removed as of ICU 2.6,
351 * rendering this enum type obsolete.
352 */
353 enum EFormatNumber {
354 /**
355 * The maximum number of arguments.
356 * @obsolete ICU 3.0. The 10-argument limit was removed as of ICU 2.6,
357 * rendering this constant obsolete.
358 */
359 kMaxFormat = 10
360 };
361 #endif /* U_HIDE_OBSOLETE_API */
362
363 /**
364 * Constructs a new MessageFormat using the given pattern and the
365 * default locale.
366 *
367 * @param pattern Pattern used to construct object.
368 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
369 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
370 * @stable ICU 2.0
371 */
372 MessageFormat(const UnicodeString& pattern,
373 UErrorCode &status);
374
375 /**
376 * Constructs a new MessageFormat using the given pattern and locale.
377 * @param pattern Pattern used to construct object.
378 * @param newLocale The locale to use for formatting dates and numbers.
379 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
380 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
381 * @stable ICU 2.0
382 */
383 MessageFormat(const UnicodeString& pattern,
384 const Locale& newLocale,
385 UErrorCode& status);
386 /**
387 * Constructs a new MessageFormat using the given pattern and locale.
388 * @param pattern Pattern used to construct object.
389 * @param newLocale The locale to use for formatting dates and numbers.
390 * @param parseError Struct to receive information on the position
391 * of an error within the pattern.
392 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
393 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
394 * @stable ICU 2.0
395 */
396 MessageFormat(const UnicodeString& pattern,
397 const Locale& newLocale,
398 UParseError& parseError,
399 UErrorCode& status);
400 /**
401 * Constructs a new MessageFormat from an existing one.
402 * @stable ICU 2.0
403 */
404 MessageFormat(const MessageFormat&);
405
406 /**
407 * Assignment operator.
408 * @stable ICU 2.0
409 */
410 const MessageFormat& operator=(const MessageFormat&);
411
412 /**
413 * Destructor.
414 * @stable ICU 2.0
415 */
416 virtual ~MessageFormat();
417
418 /**
419 * Clones this Format object polymorphically. The caller owns the
420 * result and should delete it when done.
421 * @stable ICU 2.0
422 */
423 virtual MessageFormat* clone() const;
424
425 /**
426 * Returns true if the given Format objects are semantically equal.
427 * Objects of different subclasses are considered unequal.
428 * @param other the object to be compared with.
429 * @return true if the given Format objects are semantically equal.
430 * @stable ICU 2.0
431 */
432 virtual UBool operator==(const Format& other) const;
433
434 /**
435 * Sets the locale to be used for creating argument Format objects.
436 * @param theLocale the new locale value to be set.
437 * @stable ICU 2.0
438 */
439 virtual void setLocale(const Locale& theLocale);
440
441 /**
442 * Gets the locale used for creating argument Format objects.
443 * format information.
444 * @return the locale of the object.
445 * @stable ICU 2.0
446 */
447 virtual const Locale& getLocale(void) const;
448
449 /**
450 * Applies the given pattern string to this message format.
451 *
452 * @param pattern The pattern to be applied.
453 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
454 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
455 * @stable ICU 2.0
456 */
457 virtual void applyPattern(const UnicodeString& pattern,
458 UErrorCode& status);
459 /**
460 * Applies the given pattern string to this message format.
461 *
462 * @param pattern The pattern to be applied.
463 * @param parseError Struct to receive information on the position
464 * of an error within the pattern.
465 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
466 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
467 * @stable ICU 2.0
468 */
469 virtual void applyPattern(const UnicodeString& pattern,
470 UParseError& parseError,
471 UErrorCode& status);
472
473 /**
474 * Sets the UMessagePatternApostropheMode and the pattern used by this message format.
475 * Parses the pattern and caches Format objects for simple argument types.
476 * Patterns and their interpretation are specified in the
477 * <a href="#patterns">class description</a>.
478 * <p>
479 * This method is best used only once on a given object to avoid confusion about the mode,
480 * and after constructing the object with an empty pattern string to minimize overhead.
481 *
482 * @param pattern The pattern to be applied.
483 * @param aposMode The new apostrophe mode.
484 * @param parseError Struct to receive information on the position
485 * of an error within the pattern.
486 * Can be NULL.
487 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
488 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
489 * @stable ICU 4.8
490 */
491 virtual void applyPattern(const UnicodeString& pattern,
492 UMessagePatternApostropheMode aposMode,
493 UParseError* parseError,
494 UErrorCode& status);
495
496 /**
497 * @return this instance's UMessagePatternApostropheMode.
498 * @stable ICU 4.8
499 */
500 UMessagePatternApostropheMode getApostropheMode() const {
501 return msgPattern.getApostropheMode();
502 }
503
504 /**
505 * Returns a pattern that can be used to recreate this object.
506 *
507 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive the pattern.
508 * Result is appended to existing contents.
509 * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
510 * @stable ICU 2.0
511 */
512 virtual UnicodeString& toPattern(UnicodeString& appendTo) const;
513
514 /**
515 * Sets subformats.
516 * See the class description about format numbering.
517 * The caller should not delete the Format objects after this call.
518 * <EM>The array formatsToAdopt is not itself adopted.</EM> Its
519 * ownership is retained by the caller. If the call fails because
520 * memory cannot be allocated, then the formats will be deleted
521 * by this method, and this object will remain unchanged.
522 *
523 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, the new formats are discarded
524 * and this format remains unchanged.
525 *
526 * @stable ICU 2.0
527 * @param formatsToAdopt the format to be adopted.
528 * @param count the size of the array.
529 */
530 virtual void adoptFormats(Format** formatsToAdopt, int32_t count);
531
532 /**
533 * Sets subformats.
534 * See the class description about format numbering.
535 * Each item in the array is cloned into the internal array.
536 * If the call fails because memory cannot be allocated, then this
537 * object will remain unchanged.
538 *
539 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, the new formats are discarded
540 * and this format remains unchanged.
541 *
542 * @stable ICU 2.0
543 * @param newFormats the new format to be set.
544 * @param cnt the size of the array.
545 */
546 virtual void setFormats(const Format** newFormats, int32_t cnt);
547
548
549 /**
550 * Sets one subformat.
551 * See the class description about format numbering.
552 * The caller should not delete the Format object after this call.
553 * If the number is over the number of formats already set,
554 * the item will be deleted and ignored.
555 *
556 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, the new format is discarded
557 * and this format remains unchanged.
558 *
559 * @stable ICU 2.0
560 * @param formatNumber index of the subformat.
561 * @param formatToAdopt the format to be adopted.
562 */
563 virtual void adoptFormat(int32_t formatNumber, Format* formatToAdopt);
564
565 /**
566 * Sets one subformat.
567 * See the class description about format numbering.
568 * If the number is over the number of formats already set,
569 * the item will be ignored.
570 * @param formatNumber index of the subformat.
571 * @param format the format to be set.
572 * @stable ICU 2.0
573 */
574 virtual void setFormat(int32_t formatNumber, const Format& format);
575
576 /**
577 * Gets format names. This function returns formatNames in StringEnumerations
578 * which can be used with getFormat() and setFormat() to export formattable
579 * array from current MessageFormat to another. It is the caller's responsibility
580 * to delete the returned formatNames.
581 * @param status output param set to success/failure code.
582 * @stable ICU 4.0
583 */
584 virtual StringEnumeration* getFormatNames(UErrorCode& status);
585
586 /**
587 * Gets subformat pointer for given format name.
588 * This function supports both named and numbered
589 * arguments. If numbered, the formatName is the
590 * corresponding UnicodeStrings (e.g. "0", "1", "2"...).
591 * The returned Format object should not be deleted by the caller,
592 * nor should the ponter of other object . The pointer and its
593 * contents remain valid only until the next call to any method
594 * of this class is made with this object.
595 * @param formatName the name or number specifying a format
596 * @param status output param set to success/failure code.
597 * @stable ICU 4.0
598 */
599 virtual Format* getFormat(const UnicodeString& formatName, UErrorCode& status);
600
601 /**
602 * Sets one subformat for given format name.
603 * See the class description about format name.
604 * This function supports both named and numbered
605 * arguments-- if numbered, the formatName is the
606 * corresponding UnicodeStrings (e.g. "0", "1", "2"...).
607 * If there is no matched formatName or wrong type,
608 * the item will be ignored.
609 * @param formatName Name of the subformat.
610 * @param format the format to be set.
611 * @param status output param set to success/failure code.
612 * @stable ICU 4.0
613 */
614 virtual void setFormat(const UnicodeString& formatName, const Format& format, UErrorCode& status);
615
616 /**
617 * Sets one subformat for given format name.
618 * See the class description about format name.
619 * This function supports both named and numbered
620 * arguments-- if numbered, the formatName is the
621 * corresponding UnicodeStrings (e.g. "0", "1", "2"...).
622 * If there is no matched formatName or wrong type,
623 * the item will be ignored.
624 * The caller should not delete the Format object after this call.
625 * @param formatName Name of the subformat.
626 * @param formatToAdopt Format to be adopted.
627 * @param status output param set to success/failure code.
628 * @stable ICU 4.0
629 */
630 virtual void adoptFormat(const UnicodeString& formatName, Format* formatToAdopt, UErrorCode& status);
631
632 /**
633 * Gets an array of subformats of this object. The returned array
634 * should not be deleted by the caller, nor should the pointers
635 * within the array. The array and its contents remain valid only
636 * until the next call to this format. See the class description
637 * about format numbering.
638 *
639 * @param count output parameter to receive the size of the array
640 * @return an array of count Format* objects, or NULL if out of
641 * memory. Any or all of the array elements may be NULL.
642 * @stable ICU 2.0
643 */
644 virtual const Format** getFormats(int32_t& count) const;
645
646
647 using Format::format;
648
649 /**
650 * Formats the given array of arguments into a user-readable string.
651 * Does not take ownership of the Formattable* array or its contents.
652 *
653 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, appendTo is unchanged and
654 * status is set to U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
655 *
656 * @param source An array of objects to be formatted.
657 * @param count The number of elements of 'source'.
658 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive result.
659 * Result is appended to existing contents.
660 * @param ignore Not used; inherited from base class API.
661 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
662 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
663 * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
664 * @stable ICU 2.0
665 */
666 UnicodeString& format(const Formattable* source,
667 int32_t count,
668 UnicodeString& appendTo,
669 FieldPosition& ignore,
670 UErrorCode& status) const;
671
672 /**
673 * Formats the given array of arguments into a user-readable string
674 * using the given pattern.
675 *
676 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, appendTo is unchanged and
677 * status is set to U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
678 *
679 * @param pattern The pattern.
680 * @param arguments An array of objects to be formatted.
681 * @param count The number of elements of 'source'.
682 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive result.
683 * Result is appended to existing contents.
684 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
685 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
686 * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
687 * @stable ICU 2.0
688 */
689 static UnicodeString& format(const UnicodeString& pattern,
690 const Formattable* arguments,
691 int32_t count,
692 UnicodeString& appendTo,
693 UErrorCode& status);
694
695 /**
696 * Formats the given array of arguments into a user-readable
697 * string. The array must be stored within a single Formattable
698 * object of type kArray. If the Formattable object type is not of
699 * type kArray, then returns a failing UErrorCode.
700 *
701 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, appendTo is unchanged and
702 * status is set to U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
703 *
704 * @param obj A Formattable of type kArray containing
705 * arguments to be formatted.
706 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive result.
707 * Result is appended to existing contents.
708 * @param pos On input: an alignment field, if desired.
709 * On output: the offsets of the alignment field.
710 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
711 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
712 * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
713 * @stable ICU 2.0
714 */
715 virtual UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& obj,
716 UnicodeString& appendTo,
717 FieldPosition& pos,
718 UErrorCode& status) const;
719
720 /**
721 * Formats the given array of arguments into a user-defined argument name
722 * array. This function supports both named and numbered
723 * arguments-- if numbered, the formatName is the
724 * corresponding UnicodeStrings (e.g. "0", "1", "2"...).
725 *
726 * @param argumentNames argument name array
727 * @param arguments An array of objects to be formatted.
728 * @param count The number of elements of 'argumentNames' and
729 * arguments. The number of argumentNames and arguments
730 * must be the same.
731 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive result.
732 * Result is appended to existing contents.
733 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
734 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
735 * @return Reference to 'appendTo' parameter.
736 * @stable ICU 4.0
737 */
738 UnicodeString& format(const UnicodeString* argumentNames,
739 const Formattable* arguments,
740 int32_t count,
741 UnicodeString& appendTo,
742 UErrorCode& status) const;
743 /**
744 * Parses the given string into an array of output arguments.
745 *
746 * @param source String to be parsed.
747 * @param pos On input, starting position for parse. On output,
748 * final position after parse. Unchanged if parse
749 * fails.
750 * @param count Output parameter to receive the number of arguments
751 * parsed.
752 * @return an array of parsed arguments. The caller owns both
753 * the array and its contents.
754 * @stable ICU 2.0
755 */
756 virtual Formattable* parse(const UnicodeString& source,
757 ParsePosition& pos,
758 int32_t& count) const;
759
760 /**
761 * Parses the given string into an array of output arguments.
762 *
763 * <p>If this format uses named arguments, status is set to
764 * U_ARGUMENT_TYPE_MISMATCH.
765 *
766 * @param source String to be parsed.
767 * @param count Output param to receive size of returned array.
768 * @param status Input/output error code. If the
769 * pattern cannot be parsed, set to failure code.
770 * @return an array of parsed arguments. The caller owns both
771 * the array and its contents. Returns NULL if status is not U_ZERO_ERROR.
772 *
773 * @stable ICU 2.0
774 */
775 virtual Formattable* parse(const UnicodeString& source,
776 int32_t& count,
777 UErrorCode& status) const;
778
779 /**
780 * Parses the given string into an array of output arguments
781 * stored within a single Formattable of type kArray.
782 *
783 * @param source The string to be parsed into an object.
784 * @param result Formattable to be set to the parse result.
785 * If parse fails, return contents are undefined.
786 * @param pos On input, starting position for parse. On output,
787 * final position after parse. Unchanged if parse
788 * fails.
789 * @stable ICU 2.0
790 */
791 virtual void parseObject(const UnicodeString& source,
792 Formattable& result,
793 ParsePosition& pos) const;
794
795 /**
796 * Convert an 'apostrophe-friendly' pattern into a standard
797 * pattern. Standard patterns treat all apostrophes as
798 * quotes, which is problematic in some languages, e.g.
799 * French, where apostrophe is commonly used. This utility
800 * assumes that only an unpaired apostrophe immediately before
801 * a brace is a true quote. Other unpaired apostrophes are paired,
802 * and the resulting standard pattern string is returned.
803 *
804 * <p><b>Note</b> it is not guaranteed that the returned pattern
805 * is indeed a valid pattern. The only effect is to convert
806 * between patterns having different quoting semantics.
807 *
808 * @param pattern the 'apostrophe-friendly' patttern to convert
809 * @param status Input/output error code. If the pattern
810 * cannot be parsed, the failure code is set.
811 * @return the standard equivalent of the original pattern
812 * @stable ICU 3.4
813 */
814 static UnicodeString autoQuoteApostrophe(const UnicodeString& pattern,
815 UErrorCode& status);
816
817
818 /**
819 * Returns true if this MessageFormat uses named arguments,
820 * and false otherwise. See class description.
821 *
822 * @return true if named arguments are used.
823 * @stable ICU 4.0
824 */
825 UBool usesNamedArguments() const;
826
827
828 #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
829 /**
830 * This API is for ICU internal use only.
831 * Please do not use it.
832 *
833 * Returns argument types count in the parsed pattern.
834 * Used to distinguish pattern "{0} d" and "d".
835 *
836 * @return The number of formattable types in the pattern
837 * @internal
838 */
839 int32_t getArgTypeCount() const;
840 #endif /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
841
842 /**
843 * Returns a unique class ID POLYMORPHICALLY. Pure virtual override.
844 * This method is to implement a simple version of RTTI, since not all
845 * C++ compilers support genuine RTTI. Polymorphic operator==() and
846 * clone() methods call this method.
847 *
848 * @return The class ID for this object. All objects of a
849 * given class have the same class ID. Objects of
850 * other classes have different class IDs.
851 * @stable ICU 2.0
852 */
853 virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID(void) const;
854
855 /**
856 * Return the class ID for this class. This is useful only for
857 * comparing to a return value from getDynamicClassID(). For example:
858 * <pre>
859 * . Base* polymorphic_pointer = createPolymorphicObject();
860 * . if (polymorphic_pointer->getDynamicClassID() ==
861 * . Derived::getStaticClassID()) ...
862 * </pre>
863 * @return The class ID for all objects of this class.
864 * @stable ICU 2.0
865 */
866 static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID(void);
867
868 #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
869 /**
870 * Compares two Format objects. This is used for constructing the hash
871 * tables.
872 *
873 * @param left pointer to a Format object. Must not be NULL.
874 * @param right pointer to a Format object. Must not be NULL.
875 *
876 * @return whether the two objects are the same
877 * @internal
878 */
879 static UBool equalFormats(const void* left, const void* right);
880 #endif /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
881
882 private:
883
884 Locale fLocale;
885 MessagePattern msgPattern;
886 Format** formatAliases; // see getFormats
887 int32_t formatAliasesCapacity;
888
889 MessageFormat(); // default constructor not implemented
890
891 /**
892 * This provider helps defer instantiation of a PluralRules object
893 * until we actually need to select a keyword.
894 * For example, if the number matches an explicit-value selector like "=1"
895 * we do not need any PluralRules.
896 */
897 class U_I18N_API PluralSelectorProvider : public PluralFormat::PluralSelector {
898 public:
899 PluralSelectorProvider(const MessageFormat &mf, UPluralType type);
900 virtual ~PluralSelectorProvider();
901 virtual UnicodeString select(void *ctx, double number, UErrorCode& ec) const;
902
903 void reset();
904 private:
905 const MessageFormat &msgFormat;
906 PluralRules* rules;
907 UPluralType type;
908 };
909
910 /**
911 * A MessageFormat formats an array of arguments. Each argument
912 * has an expected type, based on the pattern. For example, if
913 * the pattern contains the subformat "{3,number,integer}", then
914 * we expect argument 3 to have type Formattable::kLong. This
915 * array needs to grow dynamically if the MessageFormat is
916 * modified.
917 */
918 Formattable::Type* argTypes;
919 int32_t argTypeCount;
920 int32_t argTypeCapacity;
921
922 /**
923 * TRUE if there are different argTypes for the same argument.
924 * This only matters when the MessageFormat is used in the plain C (umsg_xxx) API
925 * where the pattern argTypes determine how the va_arg list is read.
926 */
927 UBool hasArgTypeConflicts;
928
929 // Variable-size array management
930 UBool allocateArgTypes(int32_t capacity, UErrorCode& status);
931
932 /**
933 * Default Format objects used when no format is specified and a
934 * numeric or date argument is formatted. These are volatile
935 * cache objects maintained only for performance. They do not
936 * participate in operator=(), copy constructor(), nor
937 * operator==().
938 */
939 NumberFormat* defaultNumberFormat;
940 DateFormat* defaultDateFormat;
941
942 UHashtable* cachedFormatters;
943 UHashtable* customFormatArgStarts;
944
945 PluralSelectorProvider pluralProvider;
946 PluralSelectorProvider ordinalProvider;
947
948 /**
949 * Method to retrieve default formats (or NULL on failure).
950 * These are semantically const, but may modify *this.
951 */
952 const NumberFormat* getDefaultNumberFormat(UErrorCode&) const;
953 const DateFormat* getDefaultDateFormat(UErrorCode&) const;
954
955 /**
956 * Finds the word s, in the keyword list and returns the located index.
957 * @param s the keyword to be searched for.
958 * @param list the list of keywords to be searched with.
959 * @return the index of the list which matches the keyword s.
960 */
961 static int32_t findKeyword( const UnicodeString& s,
962 const char16_t * const *list);
963
964 /**
965 * Thin wrapper around the format(... AppendableWrapper ...) variant.
966 * Wraps the destination UnicodeString into an AppendableWrapper and
967 * supplies default values for some other parameters.
968 */
969 UnicodeString& format(const Formattable* arguments,
970 const UnicodeString *argumentNames,
971 int32_t cnt,
972 UnicodeString& appendTo,
973 FieldPosition* pos,
974 UErrorCode& status) const;
975
976 /**
977 * Formats the arguments and writes the result into the
978 * AppendableWrapper, updates the field position.
979 *
980 * @param msgStart Index to msgPattern part to start formatting from.
981 * @param plNumber NULL except when formatting a plural argument sub-message
982 * where a '#' is replaced by the format string for this number.
983 * @param arguments The formattable objects array. (Must not be NULL.)
984 * @param argumentNames NULL if numbered values are used. Otherwise the same
985 * length as "arguments", and each entry is the name of the
986 * corresponding argument in "arguments".
987 * @param cnt The length of arguments (and of argumentNames if that is not NULL).
988 * @param appendTo Output parameter to receive the result.
989 * The result string is appended to existing contents.
990 * @param pos Field position status.
991 * @param success The error code status.
992 */
993 void format(int32_t msgStart,
994 const void *plNumber,
995 const Formattable* arguments,
996 const UnicodeString *argumentNames,
997 int32_t cnt,
998 AppendableWrapper& appendTo,
999 FieldPosition* pos,
1000 UErrorCode& success) const;
1001
1002 UnicodeString getArgName(int32_t partIndex);
1003
1004 void setArgStartFormat(int32_t argStart, Format* formatter, UErrorCode& status);
1005
1006 void setCustomArgStartFormat(int32_t argStart, Format* formatter, UErrorCode& status);
1007
1008 int32_t nextTopLevelArgStart(int32_t partIndex) const;
1009
1010 UBool argNameMatches(int32_t partIndex, const UnicodeString& argName, int32_t argNumber);
1011
1012 void cacheExplicitFormats(UErrorCode& status);
1013
1014 int32_t skipLeadingSpaces(UnicodeString& style);
1015
1016 Format* createAppropriateFormat(UnicodeString& type,
1017 UnicodeString& style,
1018 Formattable::Type& formattableType,
1019 UParseError& parseError,
1020 UErrorCode& ec);
1021
1022 const Formattable* getArgFromListByName(const Formattable* arguments,
1023 const UnicodeString *argumentNames,
1024 int32_t cnt, UnicodeString& name) const;
1025
1026 Formattable* parse(int32_t msgStart,
1027 const UnicodeString& source,
1028 ParsePosition& pos,
1029 int32_t& count,
1030 UErrorCode& ec) const;
1031
1032 FieldPosition* updateMetaData(AppendableWrapper& dest, int32_t prevLength,
1033 FieldPosition* fp, const Formattable* argId) const;
1034
1035 /**
1036 * Finds the "other" sub-message.
1037 * @param partIndex the index of the first PluralFormat argument style part.
1038 * @return the "other" sub-message start part index.
1039 */
1040 int32_t findOtherSubMessage(int32_t partIndex) const;
1041
1042 /**
1043 * Returns the ARG_START index of the first occurrence of the plural number in a sub-message.
1044 * Returns -1 if it is a REPLACE_NUMBER.
1045 * Returns 0 if there is neither.
1046 */
1047 int32_t findFirstPluralNumberArg(int32_t msgStart, const UnicodeString &argName) const;
1048
1049 Format* getCachedFormatter(int32_t argumentNumber) const;
1050
1051 UnicodeString getLiteralStringUntilNextArgument(int32_t from) const;
1052
1053 void copyObjects(const MessageFormat& that, UErrorCode& ec);
1054
1055 void formatComplexSubMessage(int32_t msgStart,
1056 const void *plNumber,
1057 const Formattable* arguments,
1058 const UnicodeString *argumentNames,
1059 int32_t cnt,
1060 AppendableWrapper& appendTo,
1061 UErrorCode& success) const;
1062
1063 /**
1064 * Convenience method that ought to be in NumberFormat
1065 */
1066 NumberFormat* createIntegerFormat(const Locale& locale, UErrorCode& status) const;
1067
1068 /**
1069 * Returns array of argument types in the parsed pattern
1070 * for use in C API. Only for the use of umsg_vformat(). Not
1071 * for public consumption.
1072 * @param listCount Output parameter to receive the size of array
1073 * @return The array of formattable types in the pattern
1074 */
1075 const Formattable::Type* getArgTypeList(int32_t& listCount) const {
1076 listCount = argTypeCount;
1077 return argTypes;
1078 }
1079
1080 /**
1081 * Resets the internal MessagePattern, and other associated caches.
1082 */
1083 void resetPattern();
1084
1085 /**
1086 * A DummyFormatter that we use solely to store a NULL value. UHash does
1087 * not support storing NULL values.
1088 */
1089 class U_I18N_API DummyFormat : public Format {
1090 public:
1091 virtual UBool operator==(const Format&) const;
1092 virtual DummyFormat* clone() const;
1093 virtual UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& obj,
1094 UnicodeString& appendTo,
1095 UErrorCode& status) const;
1096 virtual UnicodeString& format(const Formattable&,
1097 UnicodeString& appendTo,
1098 FieldPosition&,
1099 UErrorCode& status) const;
1100 virtual UnicodeString& format(const Formattable& obj,
1101 UnicodeString& appendTo,
1102 FieldPositionIterator* posIter,
1103 UErrorCode& status) const;
1104 virtual void parseObject(const UnicodeString&,
1105 Formattable&,
1106 ParsePosition&) const;
1107 };
1108
1109 friend class MessageFormatAdapter; // getFormatTypeList() access
1110 };
1111
1112 U_NAMESPACE_END
1113
1114 #endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING */
1115
1116 #endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */
1117
1118 #endif // _MSGFMT
1119 //eof