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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
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13 <head>
14 <title>GNU gettext utilities: 16. Other Data Formats</title>
15
16 <meta name="description" content="GNU gettext utilities: 16. Other Data Formats">
17 <meta name="keywords" content="GNU gettext utilities: 16. Other Data Formats">
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40 </head>
41
42 <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
43
44 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
45 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_15.html#SEC263" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
46 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_17.html#SEC364" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
47 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
48 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
49 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
50 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
51 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
52 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
53 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
54 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
55 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
56 </tr></table>
57
58 <hr size="2">
59 <a name="Data-Formats"></a>
60 <a name="SEC340"></a>
61 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC333">16. Other Data Formats</a> </h1>
62
63 <p>While the GNU gettext tools deal mainly with POT and PO files, they can
64 also manipulate a couple of other data formats.
65 </p>
66
67
68 <a name="Internationalizable-Data"></a>
69 <a name="SEC341"></a>
70 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC334">16.1 Internationalizable Data Formats</a> </h2>
71
72 <p>Here is a list of other data formats which can be internationalized
73 using GNU gettext.
74 </p>
75
76
77 <a name="POT"></a>
78 <a name="SEC342"></a>
79 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC335">16.1.1 POT - Portable Object Template</a> </h3>
80
81 <dl compact="compact">
82 <dt> RPMs</dt>
83 <dd><p>gettext
84 </p>
85 </dd>
86 <dt> Ubuntu packages</dt>
87 <dd><p>gettext
88 </p>
89 </dd>
90 <dt> File extension</dt>
91 <dd><p><code>pot</code>, <code>po</code>
92 </p>
93 </dd>
94 <dt> Extractor</dt>
95 <dd><p><code>xgettext</code>
96 </p></dd>
97 </dl>
98
99
100 <a name="RST"></a>
101 <a name="SEC343"></a>
102 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC336">16.1.2 Resource String Table</a> </h3>
103
104 <p>RST is the format of resource string table files of the Free Pascal compiler
105 versions older than 3.0.0. RSJ is the new format of resource string table
106 files, created by the Free Pascal compiler version 3.0.0 or newer.
107 </p>
108 <dl compact="compact">
109 <dt> RPMs</dt>
110 <dd><p>fpk
111 </p>
112 </dd>
113 <dt> Ubuntu packages</dt>
114 <dd><p>fp-compiler
115 </p>
116 </dd>
117 <dt> File extension</dt>
118 <dd><p><code>rst</code>, <code>rsj</code>
119 </p>
120 </dd>
121 <dt> Extractor</dt>
122 <dd><p><code>xgettext</code>, <code>rstconv</code>
123 </p></dd>
124 </dl>
125
126
127 <a name="Glade"></a>
128 <a name="SEC344"></a>
129 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC337">16.1.3 Glade - GNOME user interface description</a> </h3>
130
131 <dl compact="compact">
132 <dt> RPMs</dt>
133 <dd><p>glade, libglade, glade2, libglade2, intltool
134 </p>
135 </dd>
136 <dt> Ubuntu packages</dt>
137 <dd><p>glade, libglade2-dev, intltool
138 </p>
139 </dd>
140 <dt> File extension</dt>
141 <dd><p><code>glade</code>, <code>glade2</code>, <code>ui</code>
142 </p>
143 </dd>
144 <dt> Extractor</dt>
145 <dd><p><code>xgettext</code>, <code>libglade-xgettext</code>, <code>xml-i18n-extract</code>, <code>intltool-extract</code>
146 </p></dd>
147 </dl>
148
149
150 <a name="GSettings"></a>
151 <a name="SEC345"></a>
152 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC338">16.1.4 GSettings - GNOME user configuration schema</a> </h3>
153
154 <dl compact="compact">
155 <dt> RPMs</dt>
156 <dd><p>glib2
157 </p>
158 </dd>
159 <dt> Ubuntu packages</dt>
160 <dd><p>libglib2.0-dev
161 </p>
162 </dd>
163 <dt> File extension</dt>
164 <dd><p><code>gschema.xml</code>
165 </p>
166 </dd>
167 <dt> Extractor</dt>
168 <dd><p><code>xgettext</code>, <code>intltool-extract</code>
169 </p></dd>
170 </dl>
171
172
173 <a name="AppData"></a>
174 <a name="SEC346"></a>
175 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC339">16.1.5 AppData - freedesktop.org application description</a> </h3>
176
177 <p>This file format is specified in
178 <a href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/appstream/docs/">https://www.freedesktop.org/software/appstream/docs/</a>.
179 </p>
180 <dl compact="compact">
181 <dt> RPMs</dt>
182 <dd><p>appdata-tools, appstream, libappstream-glib, libappstream-glib-builder
183 </p>
184 </dd>
185 <dt> Ubuntu packages</dt>
186 <dd><p>appdata-tools, appstream, libappstream-glib-dev
187 </p>
188 </dd>
189 <dt> File extension</dt>
190 <dd><p><code>appdata.xml</code>, <code>metainfo.xml</code>
191 </p>
192 </dd>
193 <dt> Extractor</dt>
194 <dd><p><code>xgettext</code>, <code>intltool-extract</code>, <code>itstool</code>
195 </p></dd>
196 </dl>
197
198
199 <a name="Preparing-ITS-Rules"></a>
200 <a name="SEC347"></a>
201 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC340">16.1.6 Preparing Rules for XML Internationalization</a> </h3>
202
203 <p>Marking translatable strings in an XML file is done through a separate
204 &quot;rule&quot; file, making use of the Internationalization Tag Set standard
205 (ITS, <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/its20/">https://www.w3.org/TR/its20/</a>). The currently supported ITS
206 data categories are: &lsquo;<samp>Translate</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>Localization Note</samp>&rsquo;,
207 &lsquo;<samp>Elements Within Text</samp>&rsquo;, and &lsquo;<samp>Preserve Space</samp>&rsquo;. In addition to
208 them, <code>xgettext</code> also recognizes the following extended data
209 categories:
210 </p>
211 <dl compact="compact">
212 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>Context</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
213 <dd>
214 <p>This data category associates <code>msgctxt</code> to the extracted text. In
215 the global rule, the <code>contextRule</code> element contains the following:
216 </p>
217 <ul class="toc">
218 <li>
219 A required <code>selector</code> attribute. It contains an absolute selector
220 that selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
221
222 </li><li>
223 A required <code>contextPointer</code> attribute that contains a relative
224 selector pointing to a node that holds the <code>msgctxt</code> value.
225
226 </li><li>
227 An optional <code>textPointer</code> attribute that contains a relative
228 selector pointing to a node that holds the <code>msgid</code> value.
229 </li></ul>
230
231 </dd>
232 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>Escape Special Characters</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
233 <dd>
234 <p>This data category indicates whether the special XML characters
235 (<code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&amp;</code>, <code>&quot;</code>) are escaped with entity
236 reference. In the global rule, the <code>escapeRule</code> element contains
237 the following:
238 </p>
239 <ul class="toc">
240 <li>
241 A required <code>selector</code> attribute. It contains an absolute selector
242 that selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
243
244 </li><li>
245 A required <code>escape</code> attribute with the value <code>yes</code> or <code>no</code>.
246 </li></ul>
247
248 </dd>
249 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>Extended Preserve Space</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
250 <dd>
251 <p>This data category extends the standard &lsquo;<samp>Preserve Space</samp>&rsquo; data
252 category with the additional values &lsquo;<samp>trim</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>paragraph</samp>&rsquo;.
253 &lsquo;<samp>trim</samp>&rsquo; means to remove the leading and trailing whitespaces of the
254 content, but not to normalize whitespaces in the middle.
255 &lsquo;<samp>paragraph</samp>&rsquo; means to normalize the content but keep the paragraph
256 boundaries. In the global
257 rule, the <code>preserveSpaceRule</code> element contains the following:
258 </p>
259 <ul class="toc">
260 <li>
261 A required <code>selector</code> attribute. It contains an absolute selector
262 that selects the nodes to which this rule applies.
263
264 </li><li>
265 A required <code>space</code> attribute with the value <code>default</code>,
266 <code>preserve</code>, <code>trim</code>, or <code>paragraph</code>.
267 </li></ul>
268
269 </dd>
270 </dl>
271
272 <p>All those extended data categories can only be expressed with global
273 rules, and the rule elements have to have the
274 <code>https://www.gnu.org/s/gettext/ns/its/extensions/1.0</code> namespace.
275 </p>
276 <p>Given the following XML document in a file &lsquo;<tt>messages.xml</tt>&rsquo;:
277 </p>
278 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?&gt;
279 &lt;messages&gt;
280 &lt;message&gt;
281 &lt;p&gt;A translatable string&lt;/p&gt;
282 &lt;/message&gt;
283 &lt;message&gt;
284 &lt;p translatable=&quot;no&quot;&gt;A non-translatable string&lt;/p&gt;
285 &lt;/message&gt;
286 &lt;/messages&gt;
287 </pre></td></tr></table>
288
289 <p>To extract the first text content (&quot;A translatable string&quot;), but not the
290 second (&quot;A non-translatable string&quot;), the following ITS rules can be used:
291 </p>
292 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?&gt;
293 &lt;its:rules xmlns:its=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its&quot; version=&quot;1.0&quot;&gt;
294 &lt;its:translateRule selector=&quot;/messages&quot; translate=&quot;no&quot;/&gt;
295 &lt;its:translateRule selector=&quot;//message/p&quot; translate=&quot;yes&quot;/&gt;
296
297 &lt;!-- If 'p' has an attribute 'translatable' with the value 'no', then
298 the content is not translatable. --&gt;
299 &lt;its:translateRule selector=&quot;//message/p[@translatable = 'no']&quot;
300 translate=&quot;no&quot;/&gt;
301 &lt;/its:rules&gt;
302 </pre></td></tr></table>
303
304 <p>&lsquo;<samp>xgettext</samp>&rsquo; needs another file called &quot;locating rule&quot; to associate
305 an ITS rule with an XML file. If the above ITS file is saved as
306 &lsquo;<tt>messages.its</tt>&rsquo;, the locating rule would look like:
307 </p>
308 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot;?&gt;
309 &lt;locatingRules&gt;
310 &lt;locatingRule name=&quot;Messages&quot; pattern=&quot;*.xml&quot;&gt;
311 &lt;documentRule localName=&quot;messages&quot; target=&quot;messages.its&quot;/&gt;
312 &lt;/locatingRule&gt;
313 &lt;locatingRule name=&quot;Messages&quot; pattern=&quot;*.msg&quot; target=&quot;messages.its&quot;/&gt;
314 &lt;/locatingRules&gt;
315 </pre></td></tr></table>
316
317 <p>The <code>locatingRule</code> element must have a <code>pattern</code> attribute,
318 which denotes either a literal file name or a wildcard pattern of the
319 XML file<a name="DOCF7" href="gettext_fot.html#FOOT7">(7)</a>. The <code>locatingRule</code> element can have child
320 <code>documentRule</code> element, which adds checks on the content of the XML
321 file.
322 </p>
323 <p>The first rule matches any file with the &lsquo;<tt>.xml</tt>&rsquo; file extension, but
324 it only applies to XML files whose root element is &lsquo;<samp>&lt;messages&gt;</samp>&rsquo;.
325 </p>
326 <p>The second rule indicates that the same ITS rule file are also
327 applicable to any file with the &lsquo;<tt>.msg</tt>&rsquo; file extension. The
328 optional <code>name</code> attribute of <code>locatingRule</code> allows to choose
329 rules by name, typically with <code>xgettext</code>'s <code>-L</code> option.
330 </p>
331 <p>The associated ITS rule file is indicated by the <code>target</code> attribute
332 of <code>locatingRule</code> or <code>documentRule</code>. If it is specified in a
333 <code>documentRule</code> element, the parent <code>locatingRule</code> shouldn't
334 have the <code>target</code> attribute.
335 </p>
336 <p>Locating rule files must have the &lsquo;<tt>.loc</tt>&rsquo; file extension. Both ITS
337 rule files and locating rule files must be installed in the
338 &lsquo;<tt>$prefix/share/gettext/its</tt>&rsquo; directory. Once those files are
339 properly installed, <code>xgettext</code> can extract translatable strings
340 from the matching XML files.
341 </p>
342
343 <a name="SEC348"></a>
344 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC341">16.1.6.1 Two Use-cases of Translated Strings in XML</a> </h4>
345
346 <p>For XML, there are two use-cases of translated strings. One is the case
347 where the translated strings are directly consumed by programs, and the
348 other is the case where the translated strings are merged back to the
349 original XML document. In the former case, special characters in the
350 extracted strings shouldn't be escaped, while they should in the latter
351 case. To control wheter to escape special characters, the &lsquo;<samp>Escape
352 Special Characters</samp>&rsquo; data category can be used.
353 </p>
354 <p>To merge the translations, the &lsquo;<samp>msgfmt</samp>&rsquo; program can be used with
355 the option <code>--xml</code>. See section <a href="gettext_10.html#SEC174">Invoking the <code>msgfmt</code> Program</a>, for more details
356 about how one calls the &lsquo;<samp>msgfmt</samp>&rsquo; program. &lsquo;<samp>msgfmt</samp>&rsquo;'s
357 <code>--xml</code> option doesn't perform character escaping, so translated
358 strings can have arbitrary XML constructs, such as elements for markup.
359 </p>
360
361
362 <a name="Localized-Data"></a>
363 <a name="SEC349"></a>
364 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC342">16.2 Localized Data Formats</a> </h2>
365
366 <p>Here is a list of file formats that contain localized data and that the
367 GNU gettext tools can manipulate.
368 </p>
369
370
371 <a name="Editable-Message-Catalogs"></a>
372 <a name="SEC350"></a>
373 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC343">16.2.1 Editable Message Catalogs</a> </h3>
374
375 <p>These file formats can be used with all of the <code>msg*</code> tools and with
376 the <code>xgettext</code> program.
377 </p>
378 <p>If you just want to convert among these formats, you can use the
379 <code>msgcat</code> program (with the appropriate option) or the <code>xgettext</code>
380 program.
381 </p>
382
383
384 <a name="PO"></a>
385 <a name="SEC351"></a>
386 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC344">16.2.1.1 PO - Portable Object</a> </h4>
387
388 <dl compact="compact">
389 <dt> File extension</dt>
390 <dd><p><code>po</code>
391 </p></dd>
392 </dl>
393
394
395 <a name="Java-_002eproperties"></a>
396 <a name="SEC352"></a>
397 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC345">16.2.1.2 Java .properties</a> </h4>
398
399 <dl compact="compact">
400 <dt> File extension</dt>
401 <dd><p><code>properties</code>
402 </p></dd>
403 </dl>
404
405
406 <a name="GNUstep-_002estrings"></a>
407 <a name="SEC353"></a>
408 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC346">16.2.1.3 NeXTstep/GNUstep .strings</a> </h4>
409
410 <dl compact="compact">
411 <dt> File extension</dt>
412 <dd><p><code>strings</code>
413 </p></dd>
414 </dl>
415
416
417 <a name="Compiled-Message-Catalogs"></a>
418 <a name="SEC354"></a>
419 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC347">16.2.2 Compiled Message Catalogs</a> </h3>
420
421 <p>These file formats can be created through <code>msgfmt</code> and converted back
422 to PO format through <code>msgunfmt</code>.
423 </p>
424
425
426 <a name="MO"></a>
427 <a name="SEC355"></a>
428 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC348">16.2.2.1 MO - Machine Object</a> </h4>
429
430 <dl compact="compact">
431 <dt> File extension</dt>
432 <dd><p><code>mo</code>
433 </p></dd>
434 </dl>
435
436 <p>See section <a href="gettext_10.html#SEC196">The Format of GNU MO Files</a> for details.
437 </p>
438
439 <a name="Java-ResourceBundle"></a>
440 <a name="SEC356"></a>
441 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC349">16.2.2.2 Java ResourceBundle</a> </h4>
442
443 <dl compact="compact">
444 <dt> File extension</dt>
445 <dd><p><code>class</code>
446 </p></dd>
447 </dl>
448
449 <p>For more information, see the section <a href="gettext_15.html#SEC299">Java</a> and the examples
450 <code>hello-java</code>, <code>hello-java-awt</code>, <code>hello-java-swing</code>.
451 </p>
452
453 <a name="C_0023-Satellite-Assembly"></a>
454 <a name="SEC357"></a>
455 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC350">16.2.2.3 C# Satellite Assembly</a> </h4>
456
457 <dl compact="compact">
458 <dt> File extension</dt>
459 <dd><p><code>dll</code>
460 </p></dd>
461 </dl>
462
463 <p>For more information, see the section <a href="gettext_15.html#SEC300">C#</a>.
464 </p>
465
466 <a name="C_0023-Resource"></a>
467 <a name="SEC358"></a>
468 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC351">16.2.2.4 C# Resource</a> </h4>
469
470 <dl compact="compact">
471 <dt> File extension</dt>
472 <dd><p><code>resources</code>
473 </p></dd>
474 </dl>
475
476 <p>For more information, see the section <a href="gettext_15.html#SEC300">C#</a>.
477 </p>
478
479 <a name="Tcl-message-catalog"></a>
480 <a name="SEC359"></a>
481 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC352">16.2.2.5 Tcl message catalog</a> </h4>
482
483 <dl compact="compact">
484 <dt> File extension</dt>
485 <dd><p><code>msg</code>
486 </p></dd>
487 </dl>
488
489 <p>For more information, see the section <a href="gettext_15.html#SEC325">Tcl - Tk's scripting language</a> and the examples
490 <code>hello-tcl</code>, <code>hello-tcl-tk</code>.
491 </p>
492
493 <a name="Qt-message-catalog"></a>
494 <a name="SEC360"></a>
495 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC353">16.2.2.6 Qt message catalog</a> </h4>
496
497 <dl compact="compact">
498 <dt> File extension</dt>
499 <dd><p><code>qm</code>
500 </p></dd>
501 </dl>
502
503 <p>For more information, see the examples <code>hello-c++-qt</code> and
504 <code>hello-c++-kde</code>.
505 </p>
506
507 <a name="Desktop-Entry"></a>
508 <a name="SEC361"></a>
509 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC354">16.2.3 Desktop Entry files</a> </h3>
510
511 <p>The programmer produces a desktop entry file template with only the
512 English strings. These strings get included in the POT file, by way of
513 <code>xgettext</code> (usually by listing the template in <code>po/POTFILES.in</code>).
514 The translators produce PO files, one for each language. Finally, an
515 <code>msgfmt --desktop</code> invocation collects all the translations in the
516 desktop entry file.
517 </p>
518 <p>For more information, see the example <code>hello-c-gnome3</code>.
519 </p>
520
521
522 <a name="Icons"></a>
523 <a name="SEC362"></a>
524 <h4 class="subsubsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC355">16.2.3.1 How to handle icons in Desktop Entry files</a> </h4>
525
526 <p>Icons are generally locale dependent, for the following reasons:
527 </p>
528 <ul>
529 <li>
530 Icons may contain signs that are considered rude in some cultures. For
531 example, the high-five sign, in some cultures, is perceived as an
532 unfriendly &ldquo;stop&rdquo; sign.
533 </li><li>
534 Icons may contain metaphors that are culture specific. For example, a
535 mailbox in the U.S. looks different than mailboxes all around the world.
536 </li><li>
537 Icons may need to be mirrored for right-to-left locales.
538 </li><li>
539 Icons may contain text strings (a bad practice, but anyway).
540 </li></ul>
541
542 <p>However, icons are not covered by GNU gettext localization, because
543 </p><ul>
544 <li>
545 Icons cannot be easily embedded in PO files,
546 </li><li>
547 The need to localize an icon is rare, and the ability to do so in a PO
548 file would introduce translator mistakes.
549 </li></ul>
550
551 <p>Desktop Entry files may contain an &lsquo;<samp>Icon</samp>&rsquo; property, and this
552 property is localizable. If a translator wishes to localize an icon,
553 she should do so by bypassing the normal workflow with PO files:
554 </p><ol>
555 <li>
556 The translator contacts the package developers directly, sending them
557 the icon appropriate for her locale, with a request to change the
558 template file.
559 </li><li>
560 The package developers add the icon file to their repository, and a
561 line
562 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="smallexample">Icon[<var>locale</var>]=<var>icon_file_name</var>
563 </pre></td></tr></table>
564 <p>to the template file.
565 </p></li></ol>
566 <p>This line remains in place when this template file is merged with the
567 translators' PO files, through <code>msgfmt</code>.
568 </p>
569
570 <a name="XML"></a>
571 <a name="SEC363"></a>
572 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC356">16.2.4 XML files</a> </h3>
573
574 <p>See the section <a href="#SEC347">Preparing Rules for XML Internationalization</a> and
575 <a href="gettext_10.html#SEC174">Invoking the <code>msgfmt</code> Program</a>, subsection &ldquo;XML mode operations&rdquo;.
576 </p>
577
578 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
579 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC340" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
580 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_17.html#SEC364" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
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582 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
583 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
584 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
585 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
586 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
587 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
588 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
589 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
590 </tr></table>
591 <p>
592 <font size="-1">
593 This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>February, 21 2024</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>.
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