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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd"> | |
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13 <head> | |
14 <title>GNU autosprintf</title> | |
15 | |
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40 </head> | |
41 | |
42 <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> | |
43 | |
44 <h1 class="settitle">GNU autosprintf</h1> | |
45 <a name="SEC_Contents"></a> | |
46 <h1>Table of Contents</h1> | |
47 <div class="contents"> | |
48 | |
49 <ul class="toc"> | |
50 <li><a name="TOC1" href="#SEC1">1. Introduction</a></li> | |
51 <li><a name="TOC2" href="#SEC2">2. The <code>autosprintf</code> class</a></li> | |
52 <li><a name="TOC3" href="#SEC3">3. Using <code>autosprintf</code> in own programs</a></li> | |
53 <li><a name="TOC4" href="#SEC4">A. Licenses</a> | |
54 <ul class="toc"> | |
55 <li><a name="TOC5" href="#SEC5">A.1 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></li> | |
56 <li><a name="TOC6" href="#SEC10">A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></li> | |
57 <li><a name="TOC7" href="#SEC14">A.3 GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> | |
58 </ul> | |
59 </li> | |
60 </ul> | |
61 </div> | |
62 | |
63 <a name="Top"></a> | |
64 <a name="SEC_Top"></a> | |
65 | |
66 <p>This manual documents the GNU autosprintf class, version 1.0. | |
67 </p> | |
68 | |
69 | |
70 <hr size="1"> | |
71 <a name="Introduction"></a> | |
72 <a name="SEC1"></a> | |
73 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="#TOC1">1. Introduction</a> </h1> | |
74 | |
75 <p>This package makes the C formatted output routines (<code>fprintf</code> et al.) | |
76 usable in C++ programs, for use with the <code><string></code> strings and the | |
77 <code><iostream></code> streams. | |
78 </p> | |
79 <p>It allows to write code like | |
80 </p> | |
81 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">cerr << autosprintf ("syntax error in %s:%d: %s", filename, line, errstring); | |
82 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
83 | |
84 <p>instead of | |
85 </p> | |
86 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">cerr << "syntax error in " << filename << ":" << line << ": " << errstring; | |
87 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
88 | |
89 <p>The benefits of the autosprintf syntax are: | |
90 </p> | |
91 <ul> | |
92 <li> | |
93 It reuses the standard POSIX printf facility. Easy migration from C to C++. | |
94 | |
95 </li><li> | |
96 English sentences are kept together. | |
97 | |
98 </li><li> | |
99 It makes internationalization possible. Internationalization requires format | |
100 strings, because in some cases the translator needs to change the order of a | |
101 sentence, and more generally it is easier for the translator to work with a | |
102 single string for a sentence than with multiple string pieces. | |
103 | |
104 </li><li> | |
105 It reduces the risk of programming errors due to forgotten state in the | |
106 output stream (e.g. <code>cout << hex;</code> not followed by <code>cout << dec;</code>). | |
107 </li></ul> | |
108 | |
109 | |
110 <a name="Class-autosprintf"></a> | |
111 <a name="SEC2"></a> | |
112 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="#TOC2">2. The <code>autosprintf</code> class</a> </h1> | |
113 | |
114 <p>An instance of class <code>autosprintf</code> just contains a string with the | |
115 formatted output result. Such an instance is usually allocated as an | |
116 automatic storage variable, i.e. on the stack, not with <code>new</code> on the | |
117 heap. | |
118 </p> | |
119 <p>The constructor <code>autosprintf (const char *format, ...)</code> takes a format | |
120 string and additional arguments, like the C function <code>printf</code>. | |
121 </p> | |
122 <p>Conversions to <code>char *</code> and <code>std::string</code> are defined that return | |
123 the encapsulated string. The conversion to <code>char *</code> returns a freshly | |
124 allocated copy of the encapsulated string; it needs to be freed using | |
125 <code>delete[]</code>. The conversion to <code>std::string</code> returns a copy of | |
126 the encapsulated string, with automatic memory management. | |
127 </p> | |
128 <p>The destructor <code>~autosprintf ()</code> destroys the encapsulated string. | |
129 </p> | |
130 <p>An <code>operator <<</code> is provided that outputs the encapsulated string to the | |
131 given <code>ostream</code>. | |
132 </p> | |
133 | |
134 <a name="Using-autosprintf"></a> | |
135 <a name="SEC3"></a> | |
136 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="#TOC3">3. Using <code>autosprintf</code> in own programs</a> </h1> | |
137 | |
138 <p>To use the <code>autosprintf</code> class in your programs, you need to add | |
139 </p> | |
140 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">#include "autosprintf.h" | |
141 using gnu::autosprintf; | |
142 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
143 | |
144 <p>to your source code. | |
145 The include file defines the class <code>autosprintf</code>, in a namespace called | |
146 <code>gnu</code>. The ‘<samp>using</samp>’ statement makes it possible to use the class | |
147 without the (otherwise natural) <code>gnu::</code> prefix. | |
148 </p> | |
149 <p>When linking your program, you need to link with <code>libasprintf</code>, because | |
150 that's where the class is defined. In projects using GNU <code>autoconf</code>, | |
151 this means adding ‘<samp>AC_LIB_LINKFLAGS([asprintf])</samp>’ to <code>configure.in</code> | |
152 or <code>configure.ac</code>, and using the @LIBASPRINTF@ Makefile variable that | |
153 it provides. | |
154 </p> | |
155 | |
156 <a name="Licenses"></a> | |
157 <a name="SEC4"></a> | |
158 <h1 class="appendix"> <a href="#TOC4">A. Licenses</a> </h1> | |
159 | |
160 <p>The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each | |
161 particular file or directory. Here is a summary: | |
162 </p> | |
163 <ul> | |
164 <li> | |
165 The <code>libasprintf</code> library is covered by the | |
166 GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), either version 2.1 of the | |
167 License, or (at your option) any later version published by the | |
168 Free Software Foundation (FSF). | |
169 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC5">GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>. | |
170 | |
171 </li><li> | |
172 This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the | |
173 GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this | |
174 manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice. | |
175 <br> | |
176 This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy, | |
177 distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the | |
178 GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the | |
179 License, or (at your option) any later version published by the | |
180 Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no | |
181 Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. | |
182 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC14">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. | |
183 <br> | |
184 This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or | |
185 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either | |
186 version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published | |
187 by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). | |
188 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC10">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>. | |
189 </li></ul> | |
190 | |
191 | |
192 | |
193 | |
194 <a name="GNU-LGPL"></a> | |
195 <a name="SEC5"></a> | |
196 <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="#TOC5">A.1 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> </h2> | |
197 <p align="center"> Version 2.1, February 1999 | |
198 </p> | |
199 | |
200 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="display">Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
201 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
202 | |
203 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
204 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
205 | |
206 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts | |
207 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the | |
208 version number 2.1.] | |
209 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
210 | |
211 <a name="SEC6"></a> | |
212 <h3 class="subheading"> Preamble </h3> | |
213 | |
214 <p> The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
215 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
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509 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the | |
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511 to use the modified definitions.) | |
512 | |
513 </li><li> | |
514 Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A | |
515 suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the | |
516 library already present on the user's computer system, rather than | |
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523 Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at | |
524 least three years, to give the same user the materials | |
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528 </li><li> | |
529 If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy | |
530 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above | |
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533 </li><li> | |
534 Verify that the user has already received a copy of these | |
535 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy. | |
536 </li></ol> | |
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538 <p> For an executable, the required form of the “work that uses the | |
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543 components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on | |
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545 executable. | |
546 </p> | |
547 <p> It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license | |
548 restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally | |
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550 use both them and the Library together in an executable that you | |
551 distribute. | |
552 </p> | |
553 </li><li> | |
554 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the | |
555 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library | |
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557 library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on | |
558 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise | |
559 permitted, and provided that you do these two things: | |
560 | |
561 <ol> | |
562 <li> | |
563 Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work | |
564 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library | |
565 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the | |
566 Sections above. | |
567 | |
568 </li><li> | |
569 Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact | |
570 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining | |
571 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work. | |
572 </li></ol> | |
573 | |
574 </li><li> | |
575 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute | |
576 the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any | |
577 attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or | |
578 distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your | |
579 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, | |
580 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses | |
581 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. | |
582 | |
583 </li><li> | |
584 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
585 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
586 distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are | |
587 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
588 modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the | |
589 Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
590 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
591 the Library or works based on it. | |
592 | |
593 </li><li> | |
594 Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the | |
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596 original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library | |
597 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
598 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
599 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with | |
600 this License. | |
601 | |
602 </li><li> | |
603 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
604 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
605 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
606 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
607 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
608 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
609 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
610 may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent | |
611 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by | |
612 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
613 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
614 refrain entirely from distribution of the Library. | |
615 | |
616 <p>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any | |
617 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply, | |
618 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. | |
619 </p> | |
620 <p>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
621 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
622 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
623 integrity of the free software distribution system which is | |
624 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
625 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
626 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
627 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
628 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
629 impose that choice. | |
630 </p> | |
631 <p>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
632 be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
633 </p> | |
634 </li><li> | |
635 If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in | |
636 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
637 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add | |
638 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, | |
639 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus | |
640 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if | |
641 written in the body of this License. | |
642 | |
643 </li><li> | |
644 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new | |
645 versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time. | |
646 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, | |
647 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. | |
648 | |
649 <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library | |
650 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and | |
651 “any later version”, you have the option of following the terms and | |
652 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by | |
653 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a | |
654 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by | |
655 the Free Software Foundation. | |
656 </p> | |
657 </li><li> | |
658 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free | |
659 programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, | |
660 write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is | |
661 copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free | |
662 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our | |
663 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status | |
664 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing | |
665 and reuse of software generally. | |
666 | |
667 <p align="center"> <b>NO WARRANTY</b> | |
668 </p> | |
669 </li><li> | |
670 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO | |
671 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. | |
672 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR | |
673 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY | |
674 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
675 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR | |
676 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE | |
677 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME | |
678 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
679 | |
680 </li><li> | |
681 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN | |
682 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY | |
683 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU | |
684 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR | |
685 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE | |
686 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING | |
687 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A | |
688 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF | |
689 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH | |
690 DAMAGES. | |
691 </li></ol> | |
692 | |
693 <a name="SEC8"></a> | |
694 <h3 class="subheading"> END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS </h3> | |
695 | |
696 | |
697 <a name="SEC9"></a> | |
698 <h3 class="subheading"> How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries </h3> | |
699 | |
700 <p> If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
701 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that | |
702 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting | |
703 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the | |
704 ordinary General Public License). | |
705 </p> | |
706 <p> To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is | |
707 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
708 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the | |
709 “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
710 </p> | |
711 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.</var> | |
712 Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var> | |
713 | |
714 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
715 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by | |
716 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at | |
717 your option) any later version. | |
718 | |
719 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but | |
720 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
721 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU | |
722 Lesser General Public License for more details. | |
723 | |
724 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public | |
725 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software | |
726 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, | |
727 USA. | |
728 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
729 | |
730 <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
731 </p> | |
732 <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
733 school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the library, if | |
734 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
735 </p> | |
736 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library | |
737 `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker. | |
738 | |
739 <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1990 | |
740 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
741 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
742 | |
743 <p>That's all there is to it! | |
744 | |
745 </p> | |
746 <a name="GNU-GPL"></a> | |
747 <a name="SEC10"></a> | |
748 <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="#TOC6">A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> </h2> | |
749 <p align="center"> Version 2, June 1991 | |
750 </p> | |
751 | |
752 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="display">Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
753 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
754 | |
755 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
756 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
757 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
758 | |
759 <a name="SEC11"></a> | |
760 <h2 class="heading"> Preamble </h2> | |
761 | |
762 <p> The licenses for most software are designed to take away your | |
763 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public | |
764 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free | |
765 software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. This | |
766 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software | |
767 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to | |
768 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by | |
769 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to | |
770 your programs, too. | |
771 </p> | |
772 <p> When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not | |
773 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you | |
774 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for | |
775 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it | |
776 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it | |
777 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. | |
778 </p> | |
779 <p> To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid | |
780 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. | |
781 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you | |
782 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. | |
783 </p> | |
784 <p> For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether | |
785 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that | |
786 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the | |
787 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their | |
788 rights. | |
789 </p> | |
790 <p> We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and | |
791 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, | |
792 distribute and/or modify the software. | |
793 </p> | |
794 <p> Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain | |
795 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free | |
796 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we | |
797 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so | |
798 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original | |
799 authors' reputations. | |
800 </p> | |
801 <p> Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software | |
802 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free | |
803 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the | |
804 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any | |
805 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. | |
806 </p> | |
807 <p> The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and | |
808 modification follow. | |
809 </p> | |
810 <a name="SEC12"></a> | |
811 <h2 class="heading"> TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION </h2> | |
812 | |
813 <ol> | |
814 <li> | |
815 This License applies to any program or other work which contains | |
816 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed | |
817 under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, | |
818 refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” | |
819 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: | |
820 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, | |
821 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another | |
822 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in | |
823 the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. | |
824 | |
825 <p>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not | |
826 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of | |
827 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program | |
828 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the | |
829 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). | |
830 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. | |
831 </p> | |
832 </li><li> | |
833 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's | |
834 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you | |
835 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate | |
836 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the | |
837 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; | |
838 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License | |
839 along with the Program. | |
840 | |
841 <p>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and | |
842 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. | |
843 </p> | |
844 </li><li> | |
845 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion | |
846 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and | |
847 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 | |
848 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: | |
849 | |
850 <ol> | |
851 <li> | |
852 You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices | |
853 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. | |
854 | |
855 </li><li> | |
856 You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in | |
857 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any | |
858 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third | |
859 parties under the terms of this License. | |
860 | |
861 </li><li> | |
862 If the modified program normally reads commands interactively | |
863 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such | |
864 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an | |
865 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a | |
866 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide | |
867 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under | |
868 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this | |
869 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but | |
870 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on | |
871 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) | |
872 </li></ol> | |
873 | |
874 <p>These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If | |
875 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, | |
876 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in | |
877 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those | |
878 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you | |
879 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based | |
880 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of | |
881 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the | |
882 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. | |
883 </p> | |
884 <p>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest | |
885 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to | |
886 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or | |
887 collective works based on the Program. | |
888 </p> | |
889 <p>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program | |
890 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of | |
891 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under | |
892 the scope of this License. | |
893 </p> | |
894 </li><li> | |
895 You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, | |
896 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of | |
897 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: | |
898 | |
899 <ol> | |
900 <li> | |
901 Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable | |
902 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections | |
903 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
904 | |
905 </li><li> | |
906 Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three | |
907 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your | |
908 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete | |
909 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be | |
910 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium | |
911 customarily used for software interchange; or, | |
912 | |
913 </li><li> | |
914 Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer | |
915 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is | |
916 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you | |
917 received the program in object code or executable form with such | |
918 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) | |
919 </li></ol> | |
920 | |
921 <p>The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for | |
922 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source | |
923 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any | |
924 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to | |
925 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a | |
926 special exception, the source code distributed need not include | |
927 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary | |
928 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the | |
929 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component | |
930 itself accompanies the executable. | |
931 </p> | |
932 <p>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering | |
933 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent | |
934 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as | |
935 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not | |
936 compelled to copy the source along with the object code. | |
937 </p> | |
938 </li><li> | |
939 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program | |
940 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt | |
941 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is | |
942 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. | |
943 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under | |
944 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
945 parties remain in full compliance. | |
946 | |
947 </li><li> | |
948 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not | |
949 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or | |
950 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are | |
951 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by | |
952 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the | |
953 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and | |
954 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying | |
955 the Program or works based on it. | |
956 | |
957 </li><li> | |
958 Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the | |
959 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the | |
960 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to | |
961 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further | |
962 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. | |
963 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to | |
964 this License. | |
965 | |
966 </li><li> | |
967 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent | |
968 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), | |
969 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or | |
970 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not | |
971 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot | |
972 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this | |
973 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you | |
974 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent | |
975 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by | |
976 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then | |
977 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to | |
978 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. | |
979 | |
980 <p>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under | |
981 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to | |
982 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other | |
983 circumstances. | |
984 </p> | |
985 <p>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any | |
986 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any | |
987 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the | |
988 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is | |
989 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made | |
990 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed | |
991 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that | |
992 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing | |
993 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot | |
994 impose that choice. | |
995 </p> | |
996 <p>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to | |
997 be a consequence of the rest of this License. | |
998 </p> | |
999 </li><li> | |
1000 If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in | |
1001 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the | |
1002 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License | |
1003 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding | |
1004 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among | |
1005 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates | |
1006 the limitation as if written in the body of this License. | |
1007 | |
1008 </li><li> | |
1009 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions | |
1010 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will | |
1011 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to | |
1012 address new problems or concerns. | |
1013 | |
1014 <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program | |
1015 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any | |
1016 later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions | |
1017 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free | |
1018 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of | |
1019 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software | |
1020 Foundation. | |
1021 </p> | |
1022 </li><li> | |
1023 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free | |
1024 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author | |
1025 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free | |
1026 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes | |
1027 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals | |
1028 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and | |
1029 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. | |
1030 | |
1031 | |
1032 </li><li> | |
1033 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY | |
1034 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN | |
1035 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES | |
1036 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED | |
1037 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
1038 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS | |
1039 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE | |
1040 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, | |
1041 REPAIR OR CORRECTION. | |
1042 | |
1043 </li><li> | |
1044 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING | |
1045 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR | |
1046 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, | |
1047 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING | |
1048 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED | |
1049 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY | |
1050 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER | |
1051 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE | |
1052 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. | |
1053 </li></ol> | |
1054 | |
1055 | |
1056 | |
1057 <a name="SEC13"></a> | |
1058 <h2 class="heading"> Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs </h2> | |
1059 | |
1060 <p> If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest | |
1061 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it | |
1062 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. | |
1063 </p> | |
1064 <p> To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest | |
1065 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively | |
1066 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least | |
1067 the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. | |
1068 </p> | |
1069 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var> | |
1070 Copyright (C) <var>yyyy</var> <var>name of author</var> | |
1071 | |
1072 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
1073 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by | |
1074 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or | |
1075 (at your option) any later version. | |
1076 | |
1077 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
1078 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
1079 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
1080 GNU General Public License for more details. | |
1081 | |
1082 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License | |
1083 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software | |
1084 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. | |
1085 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1086 | |
1087 <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. | |
1088 </p> | |
1089 <p>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this | |
1090 when it starts in an interactive mode: | |
1091 </p> | |
1092 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample">Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var> | |
1093 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. | |
1094 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it | |
1095 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. | |
1096 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1097 | |
1098 <p>The hypothetical commands ‘<samp>show w</samp>’ and ‘<samp>show c</samp>’ should show | |
1099 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the | |
1100 commands you use may be called something other than ‘<samp>show w</samp>’ and | |
1101 ‘<samp>show c</samp>’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever | |
1102 suits your program. | |
1103 </p> | |
1104 <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your | |
1105 school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if | |
1106 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: | |
1107 </p> | |
1108 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program | |
1109 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. | |
1110 | |
1111 <var>signature of Ty Coon</var>, 1 April 1989 | |
1112 Ty Coon, President of Vice | |
1113 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1114 | |
1115 <p>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into | |
1116 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may | |
1117 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the | |
1118 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General | |
1119 Public License instead of this License. | |
1120 | |
1121 </p> | |
1122 <a name="GNU-FDL"></a> | |
1123 <a name="SEC14"></a> | |
1124 <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="#TOC7">A.3 GNU Free Documentation License</a> </h2> | |
1125 <p align="center"> Version 1.2, November 2002 | |
1126 </p> | |
1127 | |
1128 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="display">Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
1129 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA | |
1130 | |
1131 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
1132 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
1133 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1134 | |
1135 <ol> | |
1136 <li> | |
1137 PREAMBLE | |
1138 | |
1139 <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
1140 functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to | |
1141 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | |
1142 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | |
1143 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | |
1144 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | |
1145 for modifications made by others. | |
1146 </p> | |
1147 <p>This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative | |
1148 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
1149 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
1150 license designed for free software. | |
1151 </p> | |
1152 <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
1153 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
1154 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
1155 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
1156 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
1157 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
1158 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
1159 </p> | |
1160 </li><li> | |
1161 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
1162 | |
1163 <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | |
1164 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | |
1165 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | |
1166 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | |
1167 work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, | |
1168 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | |
1169 licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you | |
1170 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | |
1171 under copyright law. | |
1172 </p> | |
1173 <p>A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the | |
1174 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
1175 modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
1176 </p> | |
1177 <p>A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section | |
1178 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
1179 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | |
1180 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | |
1181 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | |
1182 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | |
1183 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
1184 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
1185 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
1186 them. | |
1187 </p> | |
1188 <p>The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
1189 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
1190 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | |
1191 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | |
1192 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | |
1193 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | |
1194 Sections then there are none. | |
1195 </p> | |
1196 <p>The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
1197 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
1198 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | |
1199 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | |
1200 </p> | |
1201 <p>A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
1202 represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
1203 general public, that is suitable for revising the document | |
1204 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
1205 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
1206 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
1207 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
1208 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
1209 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | |
1210 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | |
1211 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | |
1212 of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. | |
1213 </p> | |
1214 <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
1215 <small>ASCII</small> without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input | |
1216 format, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or <acronym>XML</acronym> using a publicly available | |
1217 <acronym>DTD</acronym>, and standard-conforming simple <acronym>HTML</acronym>, | |
1218 PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> designed for human modification. Examples | |
1219 of transparent image formats include <acronym>PNG</acronym>, <acronym>XCF</acronym> and | |
1220 <acronym>JPG</acronym>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be | |
1221 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <acronym>SGML</acronym> or | |
1222 <acronym>XML</acronym> for which the <acronym>DTD</acronym> and/or processing tools are | |
1223 not generally available, and the machine-generated <acronym>HTML</acronym>, | |
1224 PostScript or <acronym>PDF</acronym> produced by some word processors for | |
1225 output purposes only. | |
1226 </p> | |
1227 <p>The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
1228 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
1229 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
1230 formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means | |
1231 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
1232 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
1233 </p> | |
1234 <p>A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose | |
1235 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | |
1236 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | |
1237 specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, | |
1238 “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” | |
1239 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | |
1240 section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. | |
1241 </p> | |
1242 <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | |
1243 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | |
1244 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | |
1245 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | |
1246 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | |
1247 no effect on the meaning of this License. | |
1248 </p> | |
1249 </li><li> | |
1250 VERBATIM COPYING | |
1251 | |
1252 <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
1253 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
1254 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
1255 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
1256 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
1257 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
1258 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
1259 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
1260 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
1261 </p> | |
1262 <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
1263 you may publicly display copies. | |
1264 </p> | |
1265 </li><li> | |
1266 COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
1267 | |
1268 <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | |
1269 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | |
1270 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | |
1271 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
1272 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
1273 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
1274 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
1275 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
1276 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
1277 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
1278 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
1279 as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
1280 </p> | |
1281 <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
1282 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
1283 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
1284 pages. | |
1285 </p> | |
1286 <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
1287 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
1288 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
1289 a computer-network location from which the general network-using | |
1290 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | |
1291 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | |
1292 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | |
1293 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | |
1294 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | |
1295 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | |
1296 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | |
1297 edition to the public. | |
1298 </p> | |
1299 <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
1300 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
1301 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
1302 </p> | |
1303 </li><li> | |
1304 MODIFICATIONS | |
1305 | |
1306 <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
1307 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
1308 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
1309 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
1310 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
1311 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
1312 </p> | |
1313 <ol> | |
1314 <li> | |
1315 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
1316 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
1317 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
1318 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
1319 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | |
1320 | |
1321 </li><li> | |
1322 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
1323 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
1324 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
1325 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | |
1326 unless they release you from this requirement. | |
1327 | |
1328 </li><li> | |
1329 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
1330 Modified Version, as the publisher. | |
1331 | |
1332 </li><li> | |
1333 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | |
1334 | |
1335 </li><li> | |
1336 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
1337 adjacent to the other copyright notices. | |
1338 | |
1339 </li><li> | |
1340 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
1341 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
1342 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | |
1343 | |
1344 </li><li> | |
1345 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
1346 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | |
1347 | |
1348 </li><li> | |
1349 Include an unaltered copy of this License. | |
1350 | |
1351 </li><li> | |
1352 Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add | |
1353 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
1354 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
1355 there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one | |
1356 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
1357 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
1358 Version as stated in the previous sentence. | |
1359 | |
1360 </li><li> | |
1361 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
1362 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
1363 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
1364 it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. | |
1365 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
1366 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
1367 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | |
1368 | |
1369 </li><li> | |
1370 For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve | |
1371 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the | |
1372 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or | |
1373 dedications given therein. | |
1374 | |
1375 </li><li> | |
1376 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
1377 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
1378 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | |
1379 | |
1380 </li><li> | |
1381 Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section | |
1382 may not be included in the Modified Version. | |
1383 | |
1384 </li><li> | |
1385 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or | |
1386 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | |
1387 | |
1388 </li><li> | |
1389 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | |
1390 </li></ol> | |
1391 | |
1392 <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
1393 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
1394 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
1395 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
1396 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
1397 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
1398 </p> | |
1399 <p>You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains | |
1400 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
1401 parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
1402 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
1403 standard. | |
1404 </p> | |
1405 <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
1406 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
1407 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
1408 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
1409 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
1410 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
1411 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
1412 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
1413 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
1414 </p> | |
1415 <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
1416 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
1417 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
1418 </p> | |
1419 </li><li> | |
1420 COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
1421 | |
1422 <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
1423 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
1424 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
1425 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
1426 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
1427 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | |
1428 </p> | |
1429 <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
1430 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
1431 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
1432 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
1433 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
1434 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
1435 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
1436 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
1437 </p> | |
1438 <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” | |
1439 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | |
1440 “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, | |
1441 and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all | |
1442 sections Entitled “Endorsements.” | |
1443 </p> | |
1444 </li><li> | |
1445 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
1446 | |
1447 <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
1448 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
1449 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
1450 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
1451 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
1452 </p> | |
1453 <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
1454 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
1455 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
1456 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
1457 </p> | |
1458 </li><li> | |
1459 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
1460 | |
1461 <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
1462 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
1463 distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright | |
1464 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | |
1465 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | |
1466 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not | |
1467 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | |
1468 derivative works of the Document. | |
1469 </p> | |
1470 <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
1471 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | |
1472 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
1473 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | |
1474 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | |
1475 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | |
1476 aggregate. | |
1477 </p> | |
1478 </li><li> | |
1479 TRANSLATION | |
1480 | |
1481 <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
1482 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
1483 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
1484 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
1485 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
1486 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
1487 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | |
1488 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include | |
1489 the original English version of this License and the original versions | |
1490 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | |
1491 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | |
1492 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | |
1493 </p> | |
1494 <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, | |
1495 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | |
1496 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | |
1497 title. | |
1498 </p> | |
1499 </li><li> | |
1500 TERMINATION | |
1501 | |
1502 <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
1503 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
1504 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
1505 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
1506 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
1507 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
1508 parties remain in full compliance. | |
1509 </p> | |
1510 </li><li> | |
1511 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
1512 | |
1513 <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
1514 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
1515 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
1516 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
1517 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>. | |
1518 </p> | |
1519 <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
1520 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
1521 License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of | |
1522 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
1523 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
1524 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
1525 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
1526 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
1527 </p></li></ol> | |
1528 | |
1529 | |
1530 <a name="SEC15"></a> | |
1531 <h2 class="heading"> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </h2> | |
1532 | |
1533 <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
1534 the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
1535 license notices just after the title page: | |
1536 </p> | |
1537 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>. | |
1538 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
1539 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | |
1540 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
1541 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover | |
1542 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | |
1543 Free Documentation License''. | |
1544 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1545 | |
1546 <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | |
1547 replace the “with…Texts.” line with this: | |
1548 </p> | |
1549 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with | |
1550 the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts | |
1551 being <var>list</var>. | |
1552 </pre></td></tr></table> | |
1553 | |
1554 <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | |
1555 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | |
1556 situation. | |
1557 </p> | |
1558 <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
1559 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
1560 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
1561 to permit their use in free software. | |
1562 </p> | |
1563 | |
1564 | |
1565 <p> | |
1566 <font size="-1"> | |
1567 This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>September, 11 2022</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>. | |
1568 </font> | |
1569 <br> | |
1570 | |
1571 </p> | |
1572 </body> | |
1573 </html> |