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13 <head>
14 <title>GNU libtextstyle: A. Licenses</title>
15
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42 <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
43
44 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
45 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_3.html#SEC15" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
46 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_5.html#SEC46" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
47 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
48 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
49 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
50 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
51 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
52 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
53 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
54 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_5.html#SEC46" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
55 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="libtextstyle_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
56 </tr></table>
57
58 <hr size="2">
59 <a name="Licenses"></a>
60 <a name="SEC38"></a>
61 <h1 class="appendix"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC38">A. Licenses</a> </h1>
62
63 <p>The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each
64 particular file or directory. Here is a summary:
65 </p>
66 <ul>
67 <li>
68 The <code>libtextstyle</code> library and the example programs
69 are covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL).
70 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC39">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>.
71
72 </li><li>
73 This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the
74 GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this
75 manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice.
76 <br>
77 This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy,
78 distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
79 GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the
80 License, or (at your option) any later version published by the
81 Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no
82 Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
83 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC44">GNU Free Documentation License</a>.
84 <br>
85 This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or
86 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either
87 version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published
88 by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
89 A copy of the license is included in <a href="#SEC39">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>.
90 </li></ul>
91
92
93
94
95 <a name="GNU-GPL"></a>
96 <a name="SEC39"></a>
97 <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC39">A.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a> </h2>
98 <p align="center"> Version 3, 29 June 2007
99 </p>
100
101 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <a href="https://fsf.org/">https://fsf.org/</a>
102
103 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
104 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
105 </pre></td></tr></table>
106
107 <a name="SEC40"></a>
108 <h2 class="heading"> Preamble </h2>
109
110 <p>The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
111 software and other kinds of works.
112 </p>
113 <p>The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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117 free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
118 use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
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121 </p>
122 <p>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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172 </p>
173 <a name="SEC41"></a>
174 <h2 class="heading"> TERMS AND CONDITIONS </h2>
175
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179 <p>&ldquo;This License&rdquo; refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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575
576 <p>Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
577 receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
578 propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
579 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
580 </p>
581 <p>An &ldquo;entity transaction&rdquo; is a transaction transferring control of an
582 organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
583 organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
584 work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
585 transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
586 licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
587 give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
588 Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
589 the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
590 </p>
591 <p>You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
592 rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
593 not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
594 rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
595 (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
596 any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
597 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
598 </p>
599 </li><li> Patents.
600
601 <p>A &ldquo;contributor&rdquo; is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
602 License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
603 work thus licensed is called the contributor's &ldquo;contributor version&rdquo;.
604 </p>
605 <p>A contributor's &ldquo;essential patent claims&rdquo; are all patent claims owned
606 or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
607 hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
608 by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
609 but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
610 consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
611 purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control&rdquo; includes the right to grant
612 patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
613 this License.
614 </p>
615 <p>Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
616 patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
617 make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
618 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
619 </p>
620 <p>In the following three paragraphs, a &ldquo;patent license&rdquo; is any express
621 agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
622 (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
623 sue for patent infringement). To &ldquo;grant&rdquo; such a patent license to a
624 party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
625 patent against the party.
626 </p>
627 <p>If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
628 and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
629 to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
630 publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
631 then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
632 available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
633 patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
634 consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
635 license to downstream recipients. &ldquo;Knowingly relying&rdquo; means you have
636 actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
637 covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
638 in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
639 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
640 </p>
641 <p>If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
642 arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
643 covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
644 receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
645 or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
646 you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
647 work and works based on it.
648 </p>
649 <p>A patent license is &ldquo;discriminatory&rdquo; if it does not include within the
650 scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
651 the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
652 granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
653 are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
654 business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
655 third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
656 work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
657 who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
658 license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
659 you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
660 connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
661 covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
662 license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
663 </p>
664 <p>Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
665 any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
666 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
667 </p>
668 </li><li> No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
669
670 <p>If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
671 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
672 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
673 a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
674 this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
675 consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
676 to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
677 from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
678 satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
679 from conveying the Program.
680 </p>
681 </li><li> Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
682
683 <p>Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
684 permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
685 under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
686 combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
687 License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
688 but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
689 section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
690 combination as such.
691 </p>
692 </li><li> Revised Versions of this License.
693
694 <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
695 of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new
696 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
697 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
698 </p>
699 <p>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
700 specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
701 License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
702 following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
703 of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
704 the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
705 Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
706 Software Foundation.
707 </p>
708 <p>If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
709 of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
710 statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
711 choose that version for the Program.
712 </p>
713 <p>Later license versions may give you additional or different
714 permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
715 author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
716 later version.
717 </p>
718 </li><li> Disclaimer of Warranty.
719
720 <p>THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
721 APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
722 HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM &ldquo;AS IS&rdquo; WITHOUT
723 WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
724 LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
725 A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
726 PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
727 DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
728 CORRECTION.
729 </p>
730 </li><li> Limitation of Liability.
731
732 <p>IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
733 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
734 CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
735 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
736 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
737 NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
738 LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
739 TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
740 PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
741 </p>
742 </li><li> Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
743
744 <p>If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
745 above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
746 reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
747 an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
748 Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
749 copy of the Program in return for a fee.
750 </p>
751 </li></ol>
752
753 <a name="SEC42"></a>
754 <h2 class="heading"> END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS </h2>
755
756 <a name="SEC43"></a>
757 <h2 class="heading"> How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs </h2>
758
759 <p>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
760 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
761 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
762 terms.
763 </p>
764 <p>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
765 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
766 state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
767 the &ldquo;copyright&rdquo; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
768 </p>
769 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var>
770 Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
771
772 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
773 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
774 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
775 your option) any later version.
776
777 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
778 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
779 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
780 General Public License for more details.
781
782 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
783 along with this program. If not, see <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
784 </pre></td></tr></table>
785
786 <p>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
787 </p>
788 <p>If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
789 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
790 </p>
791 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="smallexample"><var>program</var> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
792 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo;.
793 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
794 under certain conditions; type &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; for details.
795 </pre></td></tr></table>
796
797 <p>The hypothetical commands &lsquo;<samp>show w</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>show c</samp>&rsquo; should show
798 the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
799 program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
800 use an &ldquo;about box&rdquo;.
801 </p>
802 <p>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
803 if any, to sign a &ldquo;copyright disclaimer&rdquo; for the program, if necessary.
804 For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
805 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
806 </p>
807 <p>The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
808 program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
809 library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
810 applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use
811 the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
812 first, please read <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html">https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html</a>.
813
814 </p>
815 <a name="GNU-FDL"></a>
816 <a name="SEC44"></a>
817 <h2 class="appendixsec"> <a href="libtextstyle_toc.html#TOC40">A.2 GNU Free Documentation License</a> </h2>
818 <p align="center"> Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
819 </p>
820
821 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="display">Copyright &copy; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
822 <a href="https://fsf.org/">https://fsf.org/</a>
823
824 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
825 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
826 </pre></td></tr></table>
827
828 <ol>
829 <li>
830 PREAMBLE
831
832 <p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
833 functional and useful document <em>free</em> in the sense of freedom: to
834 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
835 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
836 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
837 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
838 for modifications made by others.
839 </p>
840 <p>This License is a kind of &ldquo;copyleft&rdquo;, which means that derivative
841 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
842 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
843 license designed for free software.
844 </p>
845 <p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
846 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
847 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
848 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
849 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
850 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
851 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
852 </p>
853 </li><li>
854 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
855
856 <p>This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
857 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
858 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
859 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
860 work under the conditions stated herein. The &ldquo;Document&rdquo;, below,
861 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
862 licensee, and is addressed as &ldquo;you&rdquo;. You accept the license if you
863 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
864 under copyright law.
865 </p>
866 <p>A &ldquo;Modified Version&rdquo; of the Document means any work containing the
867 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
868 modifications and/or translated into another language.
869 </p>
870 <p>A &ldquo;Secondary Section&rdquo; is a named appendix or a front-matter section
871 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
872 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
873 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
874 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
875 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
876 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
877 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
878 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
879 them.
880 </p>
881 <p>The &ldquo;Invariant Sections&rdquo; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
882 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
883 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
884 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
885 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
886 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
887 Sections then there are none.
888 </p>
889 <p>The &ldquo;Cover Texts&rdquo; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
890 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
891 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
892 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
893 </p>
894 <p>A &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
895 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
896 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
897 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
898 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
899 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
900 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
901 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
902 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
903 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
904 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
905 of text. A copy that is not &ldquo;Transparent&rdquo; is called &ldquo;Opaque&rdquo;.
906 </p>
907 <p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
908 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
909 format, SGML or XML using a publicly available
910 DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
911 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples
912 of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and
913 JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be
914 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or
915 XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are
916 not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML,
917 PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for
918 output purposes only.
919 </p>
920 <p>The &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
921 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
922 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
923 formats which do not have any title page as such, &ldquo;Title Page&rdquo; means
924 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
925 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
926 </p>
927 <p>The &ldquo;publisher&rdquo; means any person or entity that distributes copies
928 of the Document to the public.
929 </p>
930 <p>A section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; means a named subunit of the Document whose
931 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
932 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
933 specific section name mentioned below, such as &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
934 &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;.) To &ldquo;Preserve the Title&rdquo;
935 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
936 section &ldquo;Entitled XYZ&rdquo; according to this definition.
937 </p>
938 <p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
939 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
940 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
941 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
942 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
943 no effect on the meaning of this License.
944 </p>
945 </li><li>
946 VERBATIM COPYING
947
948 <p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
949 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
950 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
951 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
952 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
953 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
954 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
955 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
956 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
957 </p>
958 <p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
959 you may publicly display copies.
960 </p>
961 </li><li>
962 COPYING IN QUANTITY
963
964 <p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
965 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
966 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
967 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
968 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
969 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
970 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
971 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
972 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
973 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
974 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
975 as verbatim copying in other respects.
976 </p>
977 <p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
978 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
979 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
980 pages.
981 </p>
982 <p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
983 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
984 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
985 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
986 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
987 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
988 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
989 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
990 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
991 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
992 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
993 edition to the public.
994 </p>
995 <p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
996 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
997 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
998 </p>
999 </li><li>
1000 MODIFICATIONS
1001
1002 <p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
1003 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
1004 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
1005 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
1006 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
1007 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
1008 </p>
1009 <ol>
1010 <li>
1011 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
1012 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
1013 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
1014 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
1015 if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
1016
1017 </li><li>
1018 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
1019 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
1020 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
1021 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
1022 unless they release you from this requirement.
1023
1024 </li><li>
1025 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
1026 Modified Version, as the publisher.
1027
1028 </li><li>
1029 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
1030
1031 </li><li>
1032 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
1033 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
1034
1035 </li><li>
1036 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
1037 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
1038 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
1039
1040 </li><li>
1041 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
1042 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
1043
1044 </li><li>
1045 Include an unaltered copy of this License.
1046
1047 </li><li>
1048 Preserve the section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;, Preserve its Title, and add
1049 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
1050 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
1051 there is no section Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo; in the Document, create one
1052 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
1053 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
1054 Version as stated in the previous sentence.
1055
1056 </li><li>
1057 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
1058 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
1059 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
1060 it was based on. These may be placed in the &ldquo;History&rdquo; section.
1061 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
1062 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
1063 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
1064
1065 </li><li>
1066 For any section Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo; or &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, Preserve
1067 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the
1068 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
1069 dedications given therein.
1070
1071 </li><li>
1072 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
1073 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
1074 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1075
1076 </li><li>
1077 Delete any section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;. Such a section
1078 may not be included in the Modified Version.
1079
1080 </li><li>
1081 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo; or
1082 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
1083
1084 </li><li>
1085 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1086 </li></ol>
1087
1088 <p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1089 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
1090 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
1091 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
1092 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
1093 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
1094 </p>
1095 <p>You may add a section Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements&rdquo;, provided it contains
1096 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1097 parties&mdash;for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
1098 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
1099 standard.
1100 </p>
1101 <p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
1102 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
1103 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
1104 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1105 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
1106 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
1107 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
1108 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
1109 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
1110 </p>
1111 <p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
1112 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
1113 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1114 </p>
1115 </li><li>
1116 COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1117
1118 <p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
1119 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
1120 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
1121 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
1122 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
1123 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
1124 </p>
1125 <p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1126 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1127 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
1128 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
1129 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
1130 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
1131 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
1132 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
1133 </p>
1134 <p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;History&rdquo;
1135 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
1136 &ldquo;History&rdquo;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
1137 and any sections Entitled &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;. You must delete all
1138 sections Entitled &ldquo;Endorsements.&rdquo;
1139 </p>
1140 </li><li>
1141 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1142
1143 <p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
1144 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
1145 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
1146 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
1147 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
1148 </p>
1149 <p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
1150 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
1151 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
1152 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
1153 </p>
1154 </li><li>
1155 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1156
1157 <p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
1158 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
1159 distribution medium, is called an &ldquo;aggregate&rdquo; if the copyright
1160 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
1161 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
1162 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
1163 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
1164 derivative works of the Document.
1165 </p>
1166 <p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1167 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
1168 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
1169 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1170 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
1171 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
1172 aggregate.
1173 </p>
1174 </li><li>
1175 TRANSLATION
1176
1177 <p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1178 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
1179 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1180 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1181 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1182 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1183 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1184 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
1185 the original English version of this License and the original versions
1186 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
1187 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
1188 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
1189 </p>
1190 <p>If a section in the Document is Entitled &ldquo;Acknowledgements&rdquo;,
1191 &ldquo;Dedications&rdquo;, or &ldquo;History&rdquo;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
1192 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
1193 title.
1194 </p>
1195 </li><li>
1196 TERMINATION
1197
1198 <p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
1199 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
1200 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
1201 will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
1202 </p>
1203 <p>However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
1204 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
1205 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
1206 terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
1207 fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
1208 60 days after the cessation.
1209 </p>
1210 <p>Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
1211 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
1212 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
1213 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
1214 copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
1215 your receipt of the notice.
1216 </p>
1217 <p>Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
1218 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
1219 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
1220 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does
1221 not give you any rights to use it.
1222 </p>
1223 </li><li>
1224 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1225
1226 <p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
1227 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
1228 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
1229 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1230 <a href="https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</a>.
1231 </p>
1232 <p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
1233 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
1234 License &ldquo;or any later version&rdquo; applies to it, you have the option of
1235 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
1236 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
1237 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
1238 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
1239 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document
1240 specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this
1241 License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a
1242 version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the
1243 Document.
1244 </p>
1245 </li><li>
1246 RELICENSING
1247
1248 <p>&ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC Site&rdquo;) means any
1249 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
1250 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
1251 public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
1252 &ldquo;Massive Multiauthor Collaboration&rdquo; (or &ldquo;MMC&rdquo;) contained in the
1253 site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
1254 site.
1255 </p>
1256 <p>&ldquo;CC-BY-SA&rdquo; means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
1257 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
1258 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
1259 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
1260 published by that same organization.
1261 </p>
1262 <p>&ldquo;Incorporate&rdquo; means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
1263 in part, as part of another Document.
1264 </p>
1265 <p>An MMC is &ldquo;eligible for relicensing&rdquo; if it is licensed under this
1266 License, and if all works that were first published under this License
1267 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole
1268 or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections,
1269 and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
1270 </p>
1271 <p>The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
1272 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
1273 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
1274 </p>
1275 </li></ol>
1276
1277
1278 <a name="SEC45"></a>
1279 <h2 class="heading"> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </h2>
1280
1281 <p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1282 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
1283 license notices just after the title page:
1284 </p>
1285 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="smallexample"> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>your name</var>.
1286 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1287 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
1288 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1289 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
1290 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
1291 Free Documentation License''.
1292 </pre></td></tr></table>
1293
1294 <p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
1295 replace the &ldquo;with&hellip;Texts.&rdquo; line with this:
1296 </p>
1297 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="smallexample"> with the Invariant Sections being <var>list their titles</var>, with
1298 the Front-Cover Texts being <var>list</var>, and with the Back-Cover Texts
1299 being <var>list</var>.
1300 </pre></td></tr></table>
1301
1302 <p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1303 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1304 situation.
1305 </p>
1306 <p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1307 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
1308 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
1309 to permit their use in free software.
1310 </p>
1311
1312
1313 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
1314 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC38" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
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1326 <p>
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