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jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

C. Licenses

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each jpayne@68: particular file or directory. Here is a summary: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

C.1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

jpayne@68:

Version 2, June 1991 jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
 
Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
jpayne@68: 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
jpayne@68: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

Preamble

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your jpayne@68: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public jpayne@68: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free jpayne@68: software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. This jpayne@68: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software jpayne@68: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to jpayne@68: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by jpayne@68: the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to jpayne@68: your programs, too. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not jpayne@68: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you jpayne@68: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for jpayne@68: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it jpayne@68: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it jpayne@68: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid jpayne@68: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. jpayne@68: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you jpayne@68: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether jpayne@68: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that jpayne@68: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the jpayne@68: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their jpayne@68: rights. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and jpayne@68: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, jpayne@68: distribute and/or modify the software. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain jpayne@68: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free jpayne@68: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we jpayne@68: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so jpayne@68: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original jpayne@68: authors' reputations. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software jpayne@68: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free jpayne@68: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the jpayne@68: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any jpayne@68: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and jpayne@68: modification follow. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    jpayne@68:
  1. jpayne@68: This License applies to any program or other work which contains jpayne@68: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed jpayne@68: under the terms of this General Public License. The “Program”, below, jpayne@68: refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” jpayne@68: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: jpayne@68: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, jpayne@68: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another jpayne@68: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in jpayne@68: the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not jpayne@68: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of jpayne@68: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program jpayne@68: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the jpayne@68: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). jpayne@68: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  2. jpayne@68: You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's jpayne@68: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you jpayne@68: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate jpayne@68: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the jpayne@68: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; jpayne@68: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License jpayne@68: along with the Program. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and jpayne@68: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  3. jpayne@68: You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion jpayne@68: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and jpayne@68: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 jpayne@68: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
      jpayne@68:
    1. jpayne@68: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices jpayne@68: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    2. jpayne@68: You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in jpayne@68: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any jpayne@68: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third jpayne@68: parties under the terms of this License. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    3. jpayne@68: If the modified program normally reads commands interactively jpayne@68: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such jpayne@68: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an jpayne@68: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a jpayne@68: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide jpayne@68: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under jpayne@68: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this jpayne@68: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but jpayne@68: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on jpayne@68: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) jpayne@68:
    jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If jpayne@68: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, jpayne@68: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in jpayne@68: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those jpayne@68: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you jpayne@68: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based jpayne@68: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of jpayne@68: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the jpayne@68: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest jpayne@68: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to jpayne@68: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or jpayne@68: collective works based on the Program. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program jpayne@68: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of jpayne@68: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under jpayne@68: the scope of this License. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  4. jpayne@68: You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, jpayne@68: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of jpayne@68: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
      jpayne@68:
    1. jpayne@68: Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable jpayne@68: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections jpayne@68: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    2. jpayne@68: Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three jpayne@68: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your jpayne@68: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete jpayne@68: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be jpayne@68: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium jpayne@68: customarily used for software interchange; or, jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    3. jpayne@68: Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer jpayne@68: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is jpayne@68: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you jpayne@68: received the program in object code or executable form with such jpayne@68: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) jpayne@68:
    jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for jpayne@68: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source jpayne@68: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any jpayne@68: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to jpayne@68: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a jpayne@68: special exception, the source code distributed need not include jpayne@68: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary jpayne@68: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the jpayne@68: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component jpayne@68: itself accompanies the executable. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering jpayne@68: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent jpayne@68: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as jpayne@68: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not jpayne@68: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  5. jpayne@68: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program jpayne@68: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt jpayne@68: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is jpayne@68: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. jpayne@68: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under jpayne@68: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such jpayne@68: parties remain in full compliance. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  6. jpayne@68: You are not required to accept this License, since you have not jpayne@68: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or jpayne@68: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are jpayne@68: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by jpayne@68: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the jpayne@68: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and jpayne@68: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying jpayne@68: the Program or works based on it. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  7. jpayne@68: Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the jpayne@68: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the jpayne@68: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to jpayne@68: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further jpayne@68: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. jpayne@68: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to jpayne@68: this License. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  8. jpayne@68: If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent jpayne@68: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), jpayne@68: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or jpayne@68: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not jpayne@68: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot jpayne@68: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this jpayne@68: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you jpayne@68: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent jpayne@68: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by jpayne@68: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then jpayne@68: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to jpayne@68: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under jpayne@68: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to jpayne@68: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other jpayne@68: circumstances. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any jpayne@68: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any jpayne@68: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the jpayne@68: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is jpayne@68: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made jpayne@68: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed jpayne@68: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that jpayne@68: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing jpayne@68: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot jpayne@68: impose that choice. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to jpayne@68: be a consequence of the rest of this License. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  9. jpayne@68: If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in jpayne@68: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the jpayne@68: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License jpayne@68: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding jpayne@68: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among jpayne@68: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates jpayne@68: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  10. jpayne@68: The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions jpayne@68: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will jpayne@68: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to jpayne@68: address new problems or concerns. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program jpayne@68: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and “any jpayne@68: later version”, you have the option of following the terms and conditions jpayne@68: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free jpayne@68: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of jpayne@68: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software jpayne@68: Foundation. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
  11. jpayne@68: If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free jpayne@68: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author jpayne@68: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free jpayne@68: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes jpayne@68: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals jpayne@68: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and jpayne@68: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  12. jpayne@68: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY jpayne@68: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN jpayne@68: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES jpayne@68: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED jpayne@68: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF jpayne@68: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS jpayne@68: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE jpayne@68: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, jpayne@68: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
  13. jpayne@68: IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING jpayne@68: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR jpayne@68: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, jpayne@68: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING jpayne@68: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED jpayne@68: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY jpayne@68: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER jpayne@68: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE jpayne@68: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. jpayne@68:
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest jpayne@68: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it jpayne@68: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest jpayne@68: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively jpayne@68: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least jpayne@68: the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
 
one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.
jpayne@68: Copyright (C) yyyy  name of author
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
jpayne@68: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
jpayne@68: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
jpayne@68: (at your option) any later version.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
jpayne@68: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
jpayne@68: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
jpayne@68: GNU General Public License for more details.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
jpayne@68: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
jpayne@68: Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this jpayne@68: when it starts in an interactive mode: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
 
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
jpayne@68: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
jpayne@68: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
jpayne@68: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

The hypothetical commands ‘show w’ and ‘show c’ should show jpayne@68: the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the jpayne@68: commands you use may be called something other than ‘show w’ and jpayne@68: ‘show c’; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items—whatever jpayne@68: suits your program. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your jpayne@68: school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if jpayne@68: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
 
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
jpayne@68: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
jpayne@68: Ty Coon, President of Vice
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into jpayne@68: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may jpayne@68: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the jpayne@68: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General jpayne@68: Public License instead of this License. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

C.2 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

jpayne@68:

Version 2.1, February 1999 jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
 
Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
jpayne@68: 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
jpayne@68: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL.  It also counts
jpayne@68: as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
jpayne@68: version number 2.1.]
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

Preamble

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your jpayne@68: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public jpayne@68: Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change jpayne@68: free software—to make sure the software is free for all its users. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some jpayne@68: specially designated software—typically libraries—of the Free jpayne@68: Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use jpayne@68: it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this jpayne@68: license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to jpayne@68: use in any particular case, based on the explanations below. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use, jpayne@68: not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that jpayne@68: you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge jpayne@68: for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get jpayne@68: it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it jpayne@68: in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these jpayne@68: things. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid jpayne@68: distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these jpayne@68: rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for jpayne@68: you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis jpayne@68: or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave jpayne@68: you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source jpayne@68: code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide jpayne@68: complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them jpayne@68: with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling jpayne@68: it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the jpayne@68: library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal jpayne@68: permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that jpayne@68: there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is jpayne@68: modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know jpayne@68: that what they have is not the original version, so that the original jpayne@68: author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be jpayne@68: introduced by others. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of jpayne@68: any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot jpayne@68: effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a jpayne@68: restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that jpayne@68: any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be jpayne@68: consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the jpayne@68: ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser jpayne@68: General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and jpayne@68: is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use jpayne@68: this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those jpayne@68: libraries into non-free programs. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using jpayne@68: a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a jpayne@68: combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary jpayne@68: General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the jpayne@68: entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General jpayne@68: Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with jpayne@68: the library. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

We call this license the Lesser General Public License because it jpayne@68: does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General jpayne@68: Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less jpayne@68: of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages jpayne@68: are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many jpayne@68: libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain jpayne@68: special circumstances. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to jpayne@68: encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes jpayne@68: a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be jpayne@68: allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free jpayne@68: library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this jpayne@68: case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free jpayne@68: software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License. jpayne@68:

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    A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the jpayne@68: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with jpayne@68: modifications and/or translated into another language. jpayne@68:

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    A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section jpayne@68: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the jpayne@68: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall jpayne@68: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall jpayne@68: directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in jpayne@68: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain jpayne@68: any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical jpayne@68: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, jpayne@68: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding jpayne@68: them. jpayne@68:

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    The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles jpayne@68: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice jpayne@68: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a jpayne@68: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not jpayne@68: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero jpayne@68: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant jpayne@68: Sections then there are none. jpayne@68:

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    The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, jpayne@68: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that jpayne@68: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may jpayne@68: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. jpayne@68:

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    A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, jpayne@68: represented in a format whose specification is available to the jpayne@68: general public, that is suitable for revising the document jpayne@68: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of jpayne@68: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available jpayne@68: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or jpayne@68: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input jpayne@68: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file jpayne@68: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart jpayne@68: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. jpayne@68: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount jpayne@68: of text. A copy that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. jpayne@68:

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    The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, jpayne@68: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material jpayne@68: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in jpayne@68: formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means jpayne@68: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, jpayne@68: preceding the beginning of the body of the text. jpayne@68:

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    A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose jpayne@68: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following jpayne@68: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a jpayne@68: specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, jpayne@68: “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” jpayne@68: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a jpayne@68: section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. jpayne@68:

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    The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which jpayne@68: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty jpayne@68: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this jpayne@68: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other jpayne@68: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has jpayne@68: no effect on the meaning of this License. jpayne@68:

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  3. jpayne@68: VERBATIM COPYING jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either jpayne@68: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the jpayne@68: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies jpayne@68: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other jpayne@68: conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use jpayne@68: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further jpayne@68: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept jpayne@68: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough jpayne@68: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and jpayne@68: you may publicly display copies. jpayne@68:

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  4. jpayne@68: COPYING IN QUANTITY jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have jpayne@68: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the jpayne@68: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the jpayne@68: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover jpayne@68: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on jpayne@68: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify jpayne@68: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present jpayne@68: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and jpayne@68: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. jpayne@68: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve jpayne@68: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated jpayne@68: as verbatim copying in other respects. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit jpayne@68: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit jpayne@68: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent jpayne@68: pages. jpayne@68:

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    If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering jpayne@68: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent jpayne@68: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy jpayne@68: a computer-network location from which the general network-using jpayne@68: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols jpayne@68: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. jpayne@68: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, jpayne@68: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure jpayne@68: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated jpayne@68: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an jpayne@68: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that jpayne@68: edition to the public. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the jpayne@68: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give jpayne@68: them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. jpayne@68:

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  5. jpayne@68: MODIFICATIONS jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under jpayne@68: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release jpayne@68: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified jpayne@68: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution jpayne@68: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy jpayne@68: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:
      jpayne@68:
    1. jpayne@68: Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct jpayne@68: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions jpayne@68: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section jpayne@68: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version jpayne@68: if the original publisher of that version gives permission. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    2. jpayne@68: List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities jpayne@68: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified jpayne@68: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the jpayne@68: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), jpayne@68: unless they release you from this requirement. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    3. jpayne@68: State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the jpayne@68: Modified Version, as the publisher. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    4. jpayne@68: Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    5. jpayne@68: Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications jpayne@68: adjacent to the other copyright notices. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    6. jpayne@68: Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice jpayne@68: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the jpayne@68: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    7. jpayne@68: Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections jpayne@68: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    8. jpayne@68: Include an unaltered copy of this License. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    9. jpayne@68: Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add jpayne@68: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and jpayne@68: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If jpayne@68: there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one jpayne@68: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as jpayne@68: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified jpayne@68: Version as stated in the previous sentence. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    10. jpayne@68: Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for jpayne@68: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise jpayne@68: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions jpayne@68: it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. jpayne@68: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at jpayne@68: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original jpayne@68: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    11. jpayne@68: For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve jpayne@68: the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the jpayne@68: substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or jpayne@68: dedications given therein. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    12. jpayne@68: Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, jpayne@68: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers jpayne@68: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    13. jpayne@68: Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section jpayne@68: may not be included in the Modified Version. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    14. jpayne@68: Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or jpayne@68: to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
    15. jpayne@68: Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. jpayne@68:
    jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or jpayne@68: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material jpayne@68: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all jpayne@68: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the jpayne@68: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. jpayne@68: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. jpayne@68:

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    You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains jpayne@68: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various jpayne@68: parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has jpayne@68: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a jpayne@68: standard. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a jpayne@68: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list jpayne@68: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of jpayne@68: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or jpayne@68: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already jpayne@68: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or jpayne@68: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, jpayne@68: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit jpayne@68: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License jpayne@68: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or jpayne@68: imply endorsement of any Modified Version. jpayne@68:

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  6. jpayne@68: COMBINING DOCUMENTS jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may combine the Document with other documents released under this jpayne@68: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified jpayne@68: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the jpayne@68: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and jpayne@68: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its jpayne@68: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and jpayne@68: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single jpayne@68: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but jpayne@68: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by jpayne@68: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original jpayne@68: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. jpayne@68: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of jpayne@68: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. jpayne@68:

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    In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” jpayne@68: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled jpayne@68: “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, jpayne@68: and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all jpayne@68: sections Entitled “Endorsements.” jpayne@68:

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  7. jpayne@68: COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents jpayne@68: released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this jpayne@68: License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in jpayne@68: the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for jpayne@68: verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute jpayne@68: it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this jpayne@68: License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all jpayne@68: other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. jpayne@68:

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  8. jpayne@68: AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate jpayne@68: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or jpayne@68: distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright jpayne@68: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights jpayne@68: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. jpayne@68: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not jpayne@68: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves jpayne@68: derivative works of the Document. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these jpayne@68: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of jpayne@68: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on jpayne@68: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the jpayne@68: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. jpayne@68: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole jpayne@68: aggregate. jpayne@68:

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  9. jpayne@68: TRANSLATION jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may jpayne@68: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. jpayne@68: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special jpayne@68: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include jpayne@68: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the jpayne@68: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a jpayne@68: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the jpayne@68: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include jpayne@68: the original English version of this License and the original versions jpayne@68: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between jpayne@68: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice jpayne@68: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, jpayne@68: “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve jpayne@68: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual jpayne@68: title. jpayne@68:

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  10. jpayne@68: TERMINATION jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except jpayne@68: as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to jpayne@68: copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will jpayne@68: automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, jpayne@68: parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this jpayne@68: License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such jpayne@68: parties remain in full compliance. jpayne@68:

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  11. jpayne@68: FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions jpayne@68: of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new jpayne@68: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may jpayne@68: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See jpayne@68: https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. jpayne@68:

    jpayne@68:

    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. jpayne@68: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this jpayne@68: License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of jpayne@68: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or jpayne@68: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the jpayne@68: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version jpayne@68: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not jpayne@68: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

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To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of jpayne@68: the License in the document and put the following copyright and jpayne@68: license notices just after the title page: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
 
  Copyright (C)  year  your name.
jpayne@68:   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
jpayne@68:   under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
jpayne@68:   or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
jpayne@68:   with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
jpayne@68:   Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
jpayne@68:   Free Documentation License''.
jpayne@68: 
jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, jpayne@68: replace the “with…Texts.” line with this: jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
 
    with the Invariant Sections being list their titles, with
jpayne@68:     the Front-Cover Texts being list, and with the Back-Cover Texts
jpayne@68:     being list.
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jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other jpayne@68: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the jpayne@68: situation. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we jpayne@68: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of jpayne@68: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, jpayne@68: to permit their use in free software. jpayne@68:

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