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13 <head>
14 <title>GNU gettext utilities: 17. Concluding Remarks</title>
15
16 <meta name="description" content="GNU gettext utilities: 17. Concluding Remarks">
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40 </head>
41
42 <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
43
44 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
45 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_16.html#SEC340" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
46 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_18.html#SEC373" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
47 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
48 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
49 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
50 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
51 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
52 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
53 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
54 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
55 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
56 </tr></table>
57
58 <hr size="2">
59 <a name="Conclusion"></a>
60 <a name="SEC364"></a>
61 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC357">17. Concluding Remarks</a> </h1>
62
63 <p>We would like to conclude this GNU <code>gettext</code> manual by presenting
64 an history of the Translation Project so far. We finally give
65 a few pointers for those who want to do further research or readings
66 about Native Language Support matters.
67 </p>
68
69
70 <a name="History"></a>
71 <a name="SEC365"></a>
72 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC358">17.1 History of GNU <code>gettext</code></a> </h2>
73
74 <p>Internationalization concerns and algorithms have been informally
75 and casually discussed for years in GNU, sometimes around GNU
76 <code>libc</code>, maybe around the incoming <code>Hurd</code>, or otherwise
77 (nobody clearly remembers). And even then, when the work started for
78 real, this was somewhat independently of these previous discussions.
79 </p>
80 <p>This all began in July 1994, when Patrick D'Cruze had the idea and
81 initiative of internationalizing version 3.9.2 of GNU <code>fileutils</code>.
82 He then asked Jim Meyering, the maintainer, how to get those changes
83 folded into an official release. That first draft was full of
84 <code>#ifdef</code>s and somewhat disconcerting, and Jim wanted to find
85 nicer ways. Patrick and Jim shared some tries and experimentations
86 in this area. Then, feeling that this might eventually have a deeper
87 impact on GNU, Jim wanted to know what standards were, and contacted
88 Richard Stallman, who very quickly and verbally described an overall
89 design for what was meant to become <code>glocale</code>, at that time.
90 </p>
91 <p>Jim implemented <code>glocale</code> and got a lot of exhausting feedback
92 from Patrick and Richard, of course, but also from Mitchum DSouza
93 (who wrote a <code>catgets</code>-like package), Roland McGrath, maybe David
94 MacKenzie, Fran&ccedil;ois Pinard, and Paul Eggert, all pushing and
95 pulling in various directions, not always compatible, to the extent
96 that after a couple of test releases, <code>glocale</code> was torn apart.
97 In particular, Paul Eggert &ndash; always keeping an eye on developments
98 in Solaris &ndash; advocated the use of the <code>gettext</code> API over
99 <code>glocale</code>'s <code>catgets</code>-based API.
100 </p>
101 <p>While Jim took some distance and time and became dad for a second
102 time, Roland wanted to get GNU <code>libc</code> internationalized, and
103 got Ulrich Drepper involved in that project. Instead of starting
104 from <code>glocale</code>, Ulrich rewrote something from scratch, but
105 more conforming to the set of guidelines who emerged out of the
106 <code>glocale</code> effort. Then, Ulrich got people from the previous
107 forum to involve themselves into this new project, and the switch
108 from <code>glocale</code> to what was first named <code>msgutils</code>, renamed
109 <code>nlsutils</code>, and later <code>gettext</code>, became officially accepted
110 by Richard in May 1995 or so.
111 </p>
112 <p>Let's summarize by saying that Ulrich Drepper wrote GNU <code>gettext</code>
113 in April 1995. The first official release of the package, including
114 PO mode, occurred in July 1995, and was numbered 0.7. Other people
115 contributed to the effort by providing a discussion forum around
116 Ulrich, writing little pieces of code, or testing. These are quoted
117 in the <code>THANKS</code> file which comes with the GNU <code>gettext</code>
118 distribution.
119 </p>
120 <p>While this was being done, Fran&ccedil;ois adapted half a dozen of
121 GNU packages to <code>glocale</code> first, then later to <code>gettext</code>,
122 putting them in pretest, so providing along the way an effective
123 user environment for fine tuning the evolving tools. He also took
124 the responsibility of organizing and coordinating the Translation
125 Project. After nearly a year of informal exchanges between people from
126 many countries, translator teams started to exist in May 1995, through
127 the creation and support by Patrick D'Cruze of twenty unmoderated
128 mailing lists for that many native languages, and two moderated
129 lists: one for reaching all teams at once, the other for reaching
130 all willing maintainers of internationalized free software packages.
131 </p>
132 <p>Fran&ccedil;ois also wrote PO mode in June 1995 with the collaboration
133 of Greg McGary, as a kind of contribution to Ulrich's package.
134 He also gave a hand with the GNU <code>gettext</code> Texinfo manual.
135 </p>
136 <p>In 1997, Ulrich Drepper released the GNU libc 2.0, which included the
137 <code>gettext</code>, <code>textdomain</code> and <code>bindtextdomain</code> functions.
138 </p>
139 <p>In 2000, Ulrich Drepper added plural form handling (the <code>ngettext</code>
140 function) to GNU libc. Later, in 2001, he released GNU libc 2.2.x,
141 which is the first free C library with full internationalization support.
142 </p>
143 <p>Ulrich being quite busy in his role of General Maintainer of GNU libc,
144 he handed over the GNU <code>gettext</code> maintenance to Bruno Haible in
145 2000. Bruno added the plural form handling to the tools as well, added
146 support for UTF-8 and CJK locales, and wrote a few new tools for
147 manipulating PO files.
148 </p>
149
150
151 <a name="The-original-ABOUT_002dNLS"></a>
152 <a name="SEC366"></a>
153 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC359">17.2 Notes on the Free Translation Project</a> </h2>
154
155 <p>This section contains the text that was, for a long time, distributed
156 as a file named <code>ABOUT-NLS</code>.
157 </p>
158 <p><strong> NOTE: </strong> This documentation section is outdated. It it included
159 here for historical purposes only.
160 </p>
161
162 <p>Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project is
163 a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all
164 together, so that free software will gradually become able to speak many
165 languages. A few packages already provide translations for their messages.
166 </p>
167 <p>If you found this &lsquo;<tt>ABOUT-NLS</tt>&rsquo; file inside a distribution, you
168 may assume that the distributed package does use GNU <code>gettext</code>
169 internally, itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you
170 do <em>not</em> need to install GNU <code>gettext</code> prior to configuring,
171 installing or using this package with messages translated.
172 </p>
173 <p>Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also explain
174 how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the available
175 translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and work
176 on translations can contact the appropriate team.
177 </p>
178
179
180
181 <a name="INSTALL-Matters"></a>
182 <a name="SEC367"></a>
183 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC360">17.2.1 INSTALL Matters</a> </h3>
184
185 <p>Some packages are <em>localizable</em> when properly installed; the
186 programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language.
187 Most such packages use GNU <code>gettext</code>. Other packages have their
188 own ways to internationalization, predating GNU <code>gettext</code>.
189 </p>
190 <p>By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of
191 messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already
192 provides the GNU <code>gettext</code> functions. Installers may use special
193 options at configuration time for changing the default behaviour. The
194 command:
195 </p>
196 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">./configure --disable-nls
197 </pre></td></tr></table>
198
199 <p>will <em>totally</em> disable translation of messages.
200 </p>
201 <p>When you already have GNU <code>gettext</code> installed on your system and
202 run configure without an option for your new package, <code>configure</code>
203 will probably detect the previously built and installed &lsquo;<tt>libintl</tt>&rsquo;
204 library and will decide to use it. If not, you may have to to use the
205 &lsquo;<samp>--with-libintl-prefix</samp>&rsquo; option to tell <code>configure</code> where to
206 look for it.
207 </p>
208 <p>Internationalized packages usually have many &lsquo;<tt>po/<var>ll</var>.po</tt>&rsquo;
209 files, where <var>ll</var> gives an ISO 639 two-letter code
210 identifying the language. Unless translations have been forbidden
211 at <code>configure</code> time by using the &lsquo;<samp>--disable-nls</samp>&rsquo; switch,
212 all available translations are installed together with the package.
213 However, the environment variable <code>LINGUAS</code> may be set, prior
214 to configuration, to limit the installed set. <code>LINGUAS</code> should
215 then contain a space separated list of two-letter codes, stating
216 which languages are allowed.
217 </p>
218
219 <a name="Using-This-Package"></a>
220 <a name="SEC368"></a>
221 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC361">17.2.2 Using This Package</a> </h3>
222
223 <p>As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you
224 only have to set the <code>LANG</code> environment variable to the appropriate
225 &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>&rsquo; combination. If you happen to have the <code>LC_ALL</code>
226 or some other <code>LC_xxx</code> environment variables set, you should unset them
227 before setting <code>LANG</code>, otherwise the setting of <code>LANG</code> will not
228 have the desired effect. Here &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var></samp>&rsquo; is an
229 ISO 639 two-letter language code, and &lsquo;<samp><var>CC</var></samp>&rsquo; is an
230 ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's suppose that you
231 speak German and live in Germany. At the shell prompt, merely execute
232 &lsquo;<samp>setenv LANG de_DE</samp>&rsquo; (in <code>csh</code>),
233 &lsquo;<samp>export LANG; LANG=de_DE</samp>&rsquo; (in <code>sh</code>) or
234 &lsquo;<samp>export LANG=de_DE</samp>&rsquo; (in <code>bash</code>). This can be done from your
235 &lsquo;<tt>.login</tt>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<tt>.profile</tt>&rsquo; file, once and for all.
236 </p>
237 <p>You might think that the country code specification is redundant. But in
238 fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For example,
239 &lsquo;<samp>de_AT</samp>&rsquo; is used for Austria, and &lsquo;<samp>pt_BR</samp>&rsquo; for Brazil. The country
240 code serves to distinguish the dialects.
241 </p>
242 <p>The locale naming convention of &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>&rsquo;, with
243 &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var></samp>&rsquo; denoting the language and &lsquo;<samp><var>CC</var></samp>&rsquo; denoting the
244 country, is the one use on systems based on GNU libc. On other systems,
245 some variations of this scheme are used, such as &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var></samp>&rsquo; or
246 &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var>.<var>encoding</var></samp>&rsquo;. You can get the list of
247 locales supported by your system for your language by running the command
248 &lsquo;<samp>locale -a | grep '^<var>ll</var>'</samp>&rsquo;.
249 </p>
250 <p>Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an
251 English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you
252 understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages.
253 This is done through a different environment variable, called
254 <code>LANGUAGE</code>. GNU <code>gettext</code> gives preference to <code>LANGUAGE</code>
255 over <code>LANG</code> for the purpose of message handling, but you still
256 need to have <code>LANG</code> set to the primary language; this is required
257 by other parts of the system libraries.
258 For example, some Swedish users who would rather read translations in
259 German than English for when Swedish is not available, set <code>LANGUAGE</code>
260 to &lsquo;<samp>sv:de</samp>&rsquo; while leaving <code>LANG</code> to &lsquo;<samp>sv_SE</samp>&rsquo;.
261 </p>
262 <p>Special advice for Norwegian users: The language code for Norwegian
263 bokm&aring;l changed from &lsquo;<samp>no</samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp>nb</samp>&rsquo; recently (in 2003).
264 During the transition period, while some message catalogs for this language
265 are installed under &lsquo;<samp>nb</samp>&rsquo; and some older ones under &lsquo;<samp>no</samp>&rsquo;, it's
266 recommended for Norwegian users to set <code>LANGUAGE</code> to &lsquo;<samp>nb:no</samp>&rsquo; so that
267 both newer and older translations are used.
268 </p>
269 <p>In the <code>LANGUAGE</code> environment variable, but not in the <code>LANG</code>
270 environment variable, &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>&rsquo; combinations can be
271 abbreviated as &lsquo;<samp><var>ll</var></samp>&rsquo; to denote the language's main dialect.
272 For example, &lsquo;<samp>de</samp>&rsquo; is equivalent to &lsquo;<samp>de_DE</samp>&rsquo; (German as spoken in
273 Germany), and &lsquo;<samp>pt</samp>&rsquo; to &lsquo;<samp>pt_PT</samp>&rsquo; (Portuguese as spoken in Portugal)
274 in this context.
275 </p>
276
277
278 <a name="Translating-Teams"></a>
279 <a name="SEC369"></a>
280 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC362">17.2.3 Translating Teams</a> </h3>
281
282 <p>For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested
283 people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also
284 able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language.
285 Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list
286 of teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage,
287 &lsquo;<tt>https://translationproject.org/</tt>&rsquo;, in the &quot;Teams&quot; area.
288 </p>
289 <p>If you'd like to volunteer to <em>work</em> at translating messages, you
290 should become a member of the translating team for your own language.
291 The subscribing address is <em>not</em> the same as the list itself, it
292 has &lsquo;<samp>-request</samp>&rsquo; appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send
293 a message to &lsquo;<tt>sv-request@li.org</tt>&rsquo;, having this message body:
294 </p>
295 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">subscribe
296 </pre></td></tr></table>
297
298 <p>Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate
299 <em>actively</em> in translations, or at solving translational
300 difficulties, rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not
301 exist yet and you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to
302 do or how to get started, please write to
303 &lsquo;<tt>coordinator@translationproject.org</tt>&rsquo; to reach the
304 coordinator for all translator teams.
305 </p>
306 <p>The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing
307 the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skills are praised
308 more than programming skills, here.
309 </p>
310
311 <a name="Available-Packages"></a>
312 <a name="SEC370"></a>
313 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC363">17.2.4 Available Packages</a> </h3>
314
315 <p>Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following
316 matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of
317 June 2023. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which
318 languages PO files have been submitted to translation coordination,
319 with a translation percentage of at least 50%.
320 </p>
321 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">Ready PO files ab af an ar ast be bg bn bn_IN ca ckb crh cs da
322 +--------------------------------------------------+
323 a2ps | [] |
324 anubis | [] |
325 aspell | [] [] [] [] |
326 bash | [] [] [] |
327 beebase | |
328 bfd | |
329 binutils | |
330 bison | [] |
331 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] |
332 buzztrax | [] [] |
333 ccd2cue | [] |
334 ccide | [] |
335 cflow | |
336 clisp | [] |
337 coreutils | [] [] [] [] |
338 cpio | [] |
339 cppi | [] |
340 cpplib | [] [] |
341 cryptsetup | [] [] |
342 datamash | [] |
343 denemo | [] [] [] |
344 dfarc | [] [] |
345 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] |
346 dico | [] |
347 diffutils | [] [] [] |
348 dink | [] [] |
349 direvent | [] |
350 doodle | [] [] |
351 dos2unix | [] [] |
352 dos2unix-man | |
353 e2fsprogs | [] [] [] |
354 enscript | [] [] |
355 exif | [] [] [] |
356 fetchmail | [] [] [] |
357 findutils | [] [] [] [] |
358 flex | [] [] [] |
359 freedink | [] [] [] |
360 fusionforge | |
361 gas | |
362 gawk | [] [] |
363 gcal | [] [] |
364 gcc | |
365 gdbm | [] |
366 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
367 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] |
368 gettext-tools | [] [] [] |
369 gnubik | [] [] |
370 gnuchess | [] |
371 gnucobol | |
372 gnulib | [] [] [] |
373 gnunet | |
374 gnunet-gtk | |
375 gnutls | [] |
376 gold | |
377 gphoto2 | [] [] |
378 gprof | [] [] |
379 grep | [] [] [] [] [] |
380 grip | [] [] [] [] |
381 grub | [] [] [] |
382 gsasl | [] |
383 gss | [] |
384 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] |
385 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] |
386 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] |
387 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] |
388 gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] |
389 gtick | [] [] |
390 gtkam | [] [] [] |
391 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
392 gutenprint | [] [] |
393 hello | [] |
394 help2man | [] |
395 help2man-texi | |
396 idutils | [] |
397 kbd | [] |
398 klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
399 ld | |
400 libc | [] [] [] [] |
401 libexif | [] |
402 libextractor | [] |
403 libgphoto2 | [] [] |
404 libgphoto2_port | [] [] |
405 libiconv | [] [] [] [] |
406 libidn | [] [] |
407 libidn2 | [] [] |
408 lilypond | [] [] [] |
409 lordsawar | [] [] |
410 lynx | [] [] [] |
411 m4 | [] |
412 mailfromd | [] |
413 mailutils | |
414 make | [] [] [] |
415 man-db | [] [] [] [] |
416 man-db-manpages | |
417 meritous | [] |
418 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] |
419 minicom | [] [] |
420 mpop | |
421 msmtp | |
422 nano | [] [] [] |
423 opcodes | |
424 parted | [] [] |
425 pies | |
426 pnmixer | [] |
427 procps-ng | |
428 procps-ng-man | |
429 psmisc | [] [] |
430 psmisc-man | |
431 pspp | [] [] |
432 pyspread | [] |
433 radius | [] |
434 recode | [] [] [] [] |
435 recutils | |
436 rush | [] |
437 sarg | [] |
438 savane | |
439 sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
440 sharutils | [] |
441 shepherd | |
442 shishi | |
443 skribilo | [] |
444 solfege | [] [] [] |
445 solfege-manual | [] |
446 spotmachine | [] |
447 sudo | [] [] [] [] |
448 sudoers | [] [] |
449 sysstat | [] [] |
450 tar | [] [] [] [] |
451 texinfo | [] [] [] |
452 texinfo_document | [] [] |
453 tigervnc | [] [] |
454 tin | [] |
455 tin-man | |
456 trader | [] |
457 util-linux | [] [] |
458 util-linux-man | |
459 ve | |
460 vmm | |
461 vorbis-tools | [] [] |
462 wastesedge | [] |
463 wcd | [] |
464 wcd-man | |
465 wdiff | [] [] [] |
466 wget | [] [] |
467 wget2 | |
468 wyslij-po | [] |
469 xboard | [] |
470 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
471 xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] |
472 xz | [] [] |
473 xz-man | |
474 +--------------------------------------------------+
475 ab af an ar ast be bg bn bn_IN ca ckb crh cs da
476 1 3 2 6 15 11 30 1 1 52 1 1 64 100
477
478 de el en en_GB eo es et eu fa fi fr fur ga gd
479 +--------------------------------------------------+
480 a2ps | [] [] [] |
481 anubis | [] [] [] [] |
482 aspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
483 bash | [] [] [] [] [] |
484 beebase | [] [] [] |
485 bfd | [] |
486 binutils | [] |
487 bison | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
488 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
489 buzztrax | [] [] [] [] |
490 ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] |
491 ccide | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
492 cflow | [] [] [] |
493 clisp | [] [] [] [] |
494 coreutils | [] [] [] [] |
495 cpio | [] [] [] [] [] |
496 cppi | [] [] [] [] [] |
497 cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] |
498 cryptsetup | [] [] [] |
499 datamash | [] [] [] [] |
500 denemo | |
501 dfarc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
502 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
503 dico | [] [] [] [] |
504 diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
505 dink | [] [] [] [] [] |
506 direvent | [] [] [] [] |
507 doodle | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
508 dos2unix | [] [] [] [] [] |
509 dos2unix-man | [] [] [] |
510 e2fsprogs | [] [] [] |
511 enscript | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
512 exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
513 fetchmail | () [] [] [] [] [] |
514 findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
515 flex | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
516 freedink | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
517 fusionforge | [] [] [] |
518 gas | [] [] [] |
519 gawk | [] [] [] [] |
520 gcal | [] [] [] |
521 gcc | [] [] |
522 gdbm | [] [] [] [] |
523 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
524 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
525 gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] |
526 gnubik | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
527 gnuchess | [] [] [] [] |
528 gnucobol | [] |
529 gnulib | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
530 gnunet | [] |
531 gnunet-gtk | [] [] |
532 gnutls | [] [] [] [] [] |
533 gold | [] [] [] |
534 gphoto2 | () [] [] |
535 gprof | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
536 grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
537 grip | [] [] [] [] [] |
538 grub | [] [] [] [] |
539 gsasl | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
540 gss | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
541 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] |
542 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
543 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
544 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
545 gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
546 gtick | () [] [] [] [] [] |
547 gtkam | () [] [] [] [] |
548 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
549 gutenprint | [] [] [] |
550 hello | [] [] [] [] |
551 help2man | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
552 help2man-texi | [] [] [] |
553 idutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
554 kbd | [] [] [] [] [] |
555 klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
556 ld | [] [] |
557 libc | [] [] [] [] |
558 libexif | [] [] [] |
559 libextractor | [] [] [] |
560 libgphoto2 | () [] [] |
561 libgphoto2_port | () [] [] [] [] [] |
562 libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
563 libidn | [] [] [] [] [] |
564 libidn2 | [] [] [] [] [] |
565 lilypond | [] [] [] [] |
566 lordsawar | [] [] |
567 lynx | [] [] [] [] [] |
568 m4 | [] [] [] |
569 mailfromd | [] |
570 mailutils | [] [] [] [] |
571 make | [] [] [] [] [] |
572 man-db | [] [] [] [] |
573 man-db-manpages | [] [] [] |
574 meritous | [] |
575 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
576 minicom | [] [] [] [] |
577 mpop | [] [] [] [] |
578 msmtp | [] [] [] |
579 nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
580 opcodes | [] [] [] |
581 parted | [] [] [] [] |
582 pies | [] [] [] |
583 pnmixer | [] [] |
584 procps-ng | [] [] [] |
585 procps-ng-man | [] |
586 psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
587 psmisc-man | [] [] |
588 pspp | [] [] [] [] |
589 pyspread | [] [] |
590 radius | [] [] |
591 recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
592 recutils | [] [] [] |
593 rush | [] [] [] |
594 sarg | [] [] [] |
595 savane | [] [] |
596 sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
597 sharutils | [] [] [] [] |
598 shepherd | [] |
599 shishi | [] [] [] |
600 skribilo | [] [] [] [] |
601 solfege | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
602 solfege-manual | [] [] [] [] [] |
603 spotmachine | [] [] [] [] |
604 sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
605 sudoers | [] [] [] [] |
606 sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] |
607 tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
608 texinfo | [] [] [] [] |
609 texinfo_document | [] [] [] [] [] |
610 tigervnc | [] [] [] [] [] |
611 tin | [] [] [] |
612 tin-man | [] [] |
613 trader | [] [] [] [] [] |
614 util-linux | [] [] [] |
615 util-linux-man | [] [] |
616 ve | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
617 vmm | |
618 vorbis-tools | [] [] [] [] |
619 wastesedge | [] |
620 wcd | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
621 wcd-man | [] [] |
622 wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
623 wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
624 wget2 | [] [] [] |
625 wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] [] |
626 xboard | [] [] [] |
627 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
628 xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
629 xz | [] [] [] [] [] |
630 xz-man | [] [] |
631 +--------------------------------------------------+
632 de el en en_GB eo es et eu fa fi fr fur ga gd
633 130 22 1 5 83 119 19 8 5 78 141 26 26 2
634
635 gl gu he hi hr hu hy id is it ja ka kk kn ko ku
636 +-------------------------------------------------+
637 a2ps | [] [] |
638 anubis | [] [] [] [] |
639 aspell | [] [] [] [] |
640 bash | [] [] [] [] [] |
641 beebase | () |
642 bfd | |
643 binutils | |
644 bison | [] |
645 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
646 buzztrax | |
647 ccd2cue | [] |
648 ccide | [] [] [] |
649 cflow | |
650 clisp | |
651 coreutils | [] [] [] [] |
652 cpio | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
653 cppi | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
654 cpplib | [] [] |
655 cryptsetup | [] [] |
656 datamash | |
657 denemo | |
658 dfarc | [] [] [] |
659 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
660 dico | |
661 diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
662 dink | [] |
663 direvent | [] |
664 doodle | [] |
665 dos2unix | [] [] [] [] |
666 dos2unix-man | [] |
667 e2fsprogs | [] |
668 enscript | [] [] |
669 exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
670 fetchmail | [] [] [] |
671 findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
672 flex | |
673 freedink | [] [] [] [] |
674 fusionforge | |
675 gas | [] |
676 gawk | [] () [] |
677 gcal | |
678 gcc | |
679 gdbm | |
680 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
681 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
682 gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] |
683 gnubik | [] [] [] |
684 gnuchess | [] |
685 gnucobol | |
686 gnulib | [] [] [] [] |
687 gnunet | |
688 gnunet-gtk | |
689 gnutls | [] [] |
690 gold | |
691 gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] [] |
692 gprof | [] [] [] [] |
693 grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
694 grip | [] [] [] [] |
695 grub | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
696 gsasl | [] [] [] [] |
697 gss | [] [] [] [] [] |
698 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] |
699 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
700 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
701 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
702 gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] |
703 gtick | [] [] [] [] |
704 gtkam | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
705 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
706 gutenprint | [] [] [] [] [] |
707 hello | [] [] |
708 help2man | [] [] [] [] |
709 help2man-texi | |
710 idutils | [] [] [] |
711 kbd | |
712 klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
713 ld | |
714 libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
715 libexif | [] |
716 libextractor | |
717 libgphoto2 | |
718 libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] |
719 libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
720 libidn | [] [] [] [] [] |
721 libidn2 | [] [] [] [] |
722 lilypond | [] [] |
723 lordsawar | [] |
724 lynx | [] [] [] [] |
725 m4 | [] [] |
726 mailfromd | |
727 mailutils | |
728 make | [] [] [] [] [] |
729 man-db | [] [] [] |
730 man-db-manpages | [] [] |
731 meritous | |
732 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
733 minicom | [] [] [] [] [] |
734 mpop | |
735 msmtp | |
736 nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
737 opcodes | |
738 parted | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
739 pies | |
740 pnmixer | [] [] |
741 procps-ng | [] |
742 procps-ng-man | |
743 psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
744 psmisc-man | [] [] |
745 pspp | [] [] |
746 pyspread | |
747 radius | [] |
748 recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
749 recutils | |
750 rush | |
751 sarg | |
752 savane | [] |
753 sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
754 sharutils | |
755 shepherd | |
756 shishi | |
757 skribilo | [] |
758 solfege | [] [] |
759 solfege-manual | |
760 spotmachine | |
761 sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
762 sudoers | [] [] [] [] |
763 sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] |
764 tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
765 texinfo | [] [] [] |
766 texinfo_document | [] [] [] |
767 tigervnc | [] [] [] [] |
768 tin | |
769 tin-man | |
770 trader | [] [] |
771 util-linux | [] [] [] |
772 util-linux-man | |
773 ve | [] [] |
774 vmm | |
775 vorbis-tools | [] [] [] |
776 wastesedge | [] |
777 wcd | |
778 wcd-man | |
779 wdiff | [] [] [] |
780 wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
781 wget2 | [] [] |
782 wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] |
783 xboard | |
784 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
785 xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
786 xz | [] [] [] [] |
787 xz-man | [] |
788 +-------------------------------------------------+
789 gl gu he hi hr hu hy id is it ja ka kk kn ko ku
790 30 1 8 1 59 62 2 57 7 67 48 39 2 1 43 3
791
792 ky lg lt lv mk ml mn mr ms mt nb ne nl nn or pa
793 +-------------------------------------------------+
794 a2ps | [] [] [] |
795 anubis | [] [] [] |
796 aspell | [] [] |
797 bash | [] [] |
798 beebase | [] |
799 bfd | |
800 binutils | |
801 bison | [] |
802 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
803 buzztrax | |
804 ccd2cue | |
805 ccide | [] [] |
806 cflow | |
807 clisp | [] |
808 coreutils | [] [] |
809 cpio | [] |
810 cppi | |
811 cpplib | [] |
812 cryptsetup | |
813 datamash | [] [] |
814 denemo | [] |
815 dfarc | [] [] |
816 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] |
817 dico | |
818 diffutils | [] [] [] [] |
819 dink | [] |
820 direvent | [] |
821 doodle | [] |
822 dos2unix | [] [] |
823 dos2unix-man | [] |
824 e2fsprogs | [] |
825 enscript | [] |
826 exif | [] [] [] |
827 fetchmail | [] |
828 findutils | [] [] |
829 flex | [] |
830 freedink | [] [] |
831 fusionforge | |
832 gas | |
833 gawk | [] |
834 gcal | |
835 gcc | |
836 gdbm | |
837 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
838 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] |
839 gettext-tools | |
840 gnubik | [] [] |
841 gnuchess | [] [] |
842 gnucobol | |
843 gnulib | [] |
844 gnunet | |
845 gnunet-gtk | |
846 gnutls | [] [] |
847 gold | |
848 gphoto2 | [] |
849 gprof | [] [] |
850 grep | [] [] |
851 grip | [] [] |
852 grub | [] [] [] |
853 gsasl | [] |
854 gss | |
855 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] |
856 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] |
857 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] |
858 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] |
859 gstreamer | [] [] [] |
860 gtick | [] [] |
861 gtkam | [] [] [] |
862 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
863 gutenprint | [] |
864 hello | [] [] |
865 help2man | [] |
866 help2man-texi | |
867 idutils | [] [] |
868 kbd | |
869 klavaro | [] [] [] |
870 ld | |
871 libc | [] |
872 libexif | [] |
873 libextractor | [] |
874 libgphoto2 | [] |
875 libgphoto2_port | [] |
876 libiconv | [] [] |
877 libidn | [] |
878 libidn2 | [] |
879 lilypond | [] |
880 lordsawar | |
881 lynx | [] |
882 m4 | [] |
883 mailfromd | |
884 mailutils | |
885 make | [] |
886 man-db | [] |
887 man-db-manpages | |
888 meritous | |
889 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] |
890 minicom | [] |
891 mpop | |
892 msmtp | |
893 nano | [] [] [] |
894 opcodes | |
895 parted | [] |
896 pies | |
897 pnmixer | [] |
898 procps-ng | |
899 procps-ng-man | |
900 psmisc | [] |
901 psmisc-man | |
902 pspp | [] |
903 pyspread | [] |
904 radius | [] |
905 recode | [] [] |
906 recutils | [] |
907 rush | [] |
908 sarg | |
909 savane | |
910 sed | [] [] |
911 sharutils | [] |
912 shepherd | |
913 shishi | |
914 skribilo | |
915 solfege | [] [] |
916 solfege-manual | [] |
917 spotmachine | [] |
918 sudo | [] [] |
919 sudoers | [] |
920 sysstat | [] [] |
921 tar | [] [] [] |
922 texinfo | [] [] |
923 texinfo_document | [] |
924 tigervnc | |
925 tin | |
926 tin-man | |
927 trader | [] |
928 util-linux | [] |
929 util-linux-man | |
930 ve | [] |
931 vmm | |
932 vorbis-tools | [] |
933 wastesedge | [] |
934 wcd | [] |
935 wcd-man | [] |
936 wdiff | [] [] [] |
937 wget | [] [] |
938 wget2 | |
939 wyslij-po | [] [] |
940 xboard | [] |
941 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
942 xkeyboard-config | [] [] |
943 xz | |
944 xz-man | |
945 +-------------------------------------------------+
946 ky lg lt lv mk ml mn mr ms mt nb ne nl nn or pa
947 5 1 9 12 2 1 3 1 15 2 44 1 98 5 1 3
948
949 pl pt pt_BR ro ru rw sk sl sq sr sv sw ta te
950 +-------------------------------------------------+
951 a2ps | [] [] [] [] [] |
952 anubis | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
953 aspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
954 bash | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
955 beebase | [] |
956 bfd | [] [] [] [] |
957 binutils | [] [] [] [] [] |
958 bison | [] [] [] [] [] |
959 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
960 buzztrax | [] [] [] |
961 ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] |
962 ccide | [] [] [] [] [] |
963 cflow | [] [] [] [] [] |
964 clisp | [] [] [] |
965 coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
966 cpio | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
967 cppi | [] [] [] [] [] |
968 cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] |
969 cryptsetup | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
970 datamash | [] [] [] [] |
971 denemo | |
972 dfarc | [] [] [] [] [] |
973 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
974 dico | [] [] [] [] |
975 diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
976 dink | [] |
977 direvent | [] [] [] [] [] |
978 doodle | [] [] [] [] [] |
979 dos2unix | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
980 dos2unix-man | [] [] [] [] [] |
981 e2fsprogs | [] [] [] [] |
982 enscript | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
983 exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
984 fetchmail | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
985 findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
986 flex | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
987 freedink | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
988 fusionforge | |
989 gas | [] [] |
990 gawk | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
991 gcal | [] [] |
992 gcc | [] [] |
993 gdbm | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
994 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
995 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
996 gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
997 gnubik | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
998 gnuchess | [] [] [] [] |
999 gnucobol | [] |
1000 gnulib | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1001 gnunet | [] |
1002 gnunet-gtk | [] |
1003 gnutls | [] [] [] [] [] |
1004 gold | [] [] |
1005 gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1006 gprof | [] [] [] [] [] |
1007 grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1008 grip | [] [] [] [] [] |
1009 grub | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1010 gsasl | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1011 gss | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1012 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1013 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1014 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1015 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1016 gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1017 gtick | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1018 gtkam | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1019 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1020 gutenprint | [] [] [] [] |
1021 hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1022 help2man | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1023 help2man-texi | [] [] [] [] [] |
1024 idutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1025 kbd | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1026 klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1027 ld | [] [] [] |
1028 libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1029 libexif | [] [] [] [] |
1030 libextractor | [] [] [] [] |
1031 libgphoto2 | [] [] |
1032 libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1033 libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1034 libidn | [] [] [] [] [] |
1035 libidn2 | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1036 lilypond | [] |
1037 lordsawar | [] [] |
1038 lynx | [] [] [] |
1039 m4 | [] [] [] [] |
1040 mailfromd | [] [] [] |
1041 mailutils | [] [] [] [] |
1042 make | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1043 man-db | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1044 man-db-manpages | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1045 meritous | [] [] [] |
1046 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1047 minicom | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1048 mpop | [] [] [] [] |
1049 msmtp | [] [] [] [] |
1050 nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1051 opcodes | [] [] [] [] |
1052 parted | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1053 pies | [] [] [] |
1054 pnmixer | [] [] () [] [] |
1055 procps-ng | [] [] [] [] |
1056 procps-ng-man | [] [] |
1057 psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1058 psmisc-man | [] [] [] [] [] |
1059 pspp | [] |
1060 pyspread | [] [] |
1061 radius | [] [] [] |
1062 recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1063 recutils | [] [] [] |
1064 rush | [] [] [] [] |
1065 sarg | [] [] [] |
1066 savane | [] () |
1067 sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1068 sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] |
1069 shepherd | [] [] [] |
1070 shishi | [] [] [] |
1071 skribilo | [] [] [] |
1072 solfege | [] [] [] [] [] |
1073 solfege-manual | [] [] |
1074 spotmachine | [] [] [] [] |
1075 sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1076 sudoers | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1077 sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1078 tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1079 texinfo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1080 texinfo_document | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1081 tigervnc | [] [] [] [] |
1082 tin | [] |
1083 tin-man | |
1084 trader | [] [] [] [] |
1085 util-linux | [] [] [] [] [] |
1086 util-linux-man | [] |
1087 ve | [] [] [] [] [] |
1088 vmm | [] |
1089 vorbis-tools | [] [] [] [] [] |
1090 wastesedge | [] [] |
1091 wcd | [] [] [] [] |
1092 wcd-man | [] [] [] [] |
1093 wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1094 wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1095 wget2 | [] [] [] [] [] |
1096 wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] [] |
1097 xboard | [] [] [] [] |
1098 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1099 xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1100 xz | [] [] [] [] [] [] |
1101 xz-man | [] [] |
1102 +-------------------------------------------------+
1103 pl pt pt_BR ro ru rw sk sl sq sr sv sw ta te
1104 99 45 113 105 87 0 34 30 11 131 126 1 7 1
1105
1106 tg th tr uk ur vi wa wo zh_CN zh_HK zh_TW
1107 +--------------------------------------------+
1108 a2ps | [] | 15
1109 anubis | [] [] [] | 21
1110 aspell | [] [] [] [] | 32
1111 bash | [] [] [] [] [] | 26
1112 beebase | [] | 6
1113 bfd | [] | 6
1114 binutils | [] | 7
1115 bison | [] [] | 17
1116 bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 41
1117 buzztrax | [] [] | 11
1118 ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] | 14
1119 ccide | [] [] [] | 20
1120 cflow | [] | 9
1121 clisp | | 12
1122 coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 27
1123 cpio | [] [] [] [] | 24
1124 cppi | [] [] [] | 20
1125 cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] | 20
1126 cryptsetup | [] | 14
1127 datamash | [] | 12
1128 denemo | [] [] [] | 7
1129 dfarc | [] | 19
1130 dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 48
1131 dico | [] | 10
1132 diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 32
1133 dink | [] | 11
1134 direvent | [] [] | 14
1135 doodle | [] [] [] | 18
1136 dos2unix | [] [] [] [] | 23
1137 dos2unix-man | [] [] | 12
1138 e2fsprogs | [] [] [] | 15
1139 enscript | [] [] [] | 22
1140 exif | [] [] [] [] | 33
1141 fetchmail | [] [] [] | 21
1142 findutils | [] [] [] [] | 31
1143 flex | [] [] [] [] [] | 22
1144 freedink | [] [] | 26
1145 fusionforge | | 3
1146 gas | [] | 7
1147 gawk | [] [] [] | 18
1148 gcal | [] [] | 9
1149 gcc | | 4
1150 gdbm | [] [] | 13
1151 gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 44
1152 gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] | 34
1153 gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] | 26
1154 gnubik | [] [] [] | 22
1155 gnuchess | [] [] [] | 15
1156 gnucobol | | 2
1157 gnulib | [] [] [] [] | 26
1158 gnunet | | 2
1159 gnunet-gtk | | 3
1160 gnutls | [] [] [] | 18
1161 gold | [] | 6
1162 gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] | 20
1163 gprof | [] [] [] | 22
1164 grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 38
1165 grip | [] [] [] [] [] | 25
1166 grub | [] [] [] [] | 28
1167 gsasl | [] [] [] | 21
1168 gss | [] [] | 20
1169 gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] | 29
1170 gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] | 32
1171 gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] | 34
1172 gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] | 40
1173 gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] | 34
1174 gtick | [] [] [] | 23
1175 gtkam | [] [] [] | 26
1176 gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 51
1177 gutenprint | [] [] [] | 18
1178 hello | [] [] | 18
1179 help2man | [] [] [] | 21
1180 help2man-texi | [] | 9
1181 idutils | [] [] [] | 21
1182 kbd | [] [] | 15
1183 klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 35
1184 ld | [] | 6
1185 libc | [] [] [] [] [] | 28
1186 libexif | [] [] | 12
1187 libextractor | [] [] | 11
1188 libgphoto2 | [] [] | 9
1189 libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] [] | 22
1190 libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] | 34
1191 libidn | [] [] [] | 21
1192 libidn2 | [] [] | 20
1193 lilypond | [] | 12
1194 lordsawar | [] | 8
1195 lynx | [] [] [] | 19
1196 m4 | [] [] | 13
1197 mailfromd | [] [] | 7
1198 mailutils | [] [] | 10
1199 make | [] [] [] [] | 25
1200 man-db | [] [] [] [] | 23
1201 man-db-manpages | [] [] | 14
1202 meritous | | 5
1203 midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 44
1204 minicom | [] [] | 20
1205 mpop | [] | 9
1206 msmtp | [] | 8
1207 nano | [] [] [] [] [] | 33
1208 opcodes | [] | 8
1209 parted | [] [] [] [] [] | 26
1210 pies | [] [] | 8
1211 pnmixer | [] [] () | 14
1212 procps-ng | [] [] | 10
1213 procps-ng-man | [] | 4
1214 psmisc | [] [] [] [] | 26
1215 psmisc-man | [] | 10
1216 pspp | [] [] | 12
1217 pyspread | [] | 7
1218 radius | [] [] | 10
1219 recode | [] [] [] [] | 31
1220 recutils | [] [] | 9
1221 rush | [] [] [] | 12
1222 sarg | | 7
1223 savane | | 4
1224 sed | [] [] [] [] [] | 38
1225 sharutils | [] [] [] | 14
1226 shepherd | [] | 5
1227 shishi | [] [] | 8
1228 skribilo | [] | 10
1229 solfege | [] [] [] | 22
1230 solfege-manual | [] | 10
1231 spotmachine | [] [] | 12
1232 sudo | [] [] [] [] [] | 31
1233 sudoers | [] [] [] | 21
1234 sysstat | [] [] [] [] | 26
1235 tar | [] [] [] [] [] | 33
1236 texinfo | [] [] [] | 23
1237 texinfo_document | [] | 19
1238 tigervnc | [] [] | 17
1239 tin | [] [] [] | 8
1240 tin-man | | 2
1241 trader | | 13
1242 util-linux | [] [] [] [] | 18
1243 util-linux-man | [] | 4
1244 ve | [] [] [] | 17
1245 vmm | [] | 2
1246 vorbis-tools | [] | 16
1247 wastesedge | [] | 7
1248 wcd | [] [] [] | 15
1249 wcd-man | [] | 8
1250 wdiff | [] [] [] [] | 27
1251 wget | [] [] [] [] [] | 30
1252 wget2 | [] | 11
1253 wyslij-po | [] [] [] | 20
1254 xboard | [] [] [] | 12
1255 xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 72
1256 xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] | 32
1257 xz | [] [] [] [] [] | 22
1258 xz-man | [] | 6
1259 +--------------------------------------------+
1260 85 teams tg th tr uk ur vi wa wo zh_CN zh_HK zh_TW
1261 151 domains 0 8 54 120 1 93 5 1 87 5 42 2792
1262 </pre></td></tr></table>
1263
1264 <p>Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of visible
1265 blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are used for
1266 implementing regional variants of languages, or language dialects.
1267 </p>
1268 <p>For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to which
1269 it applies should also have been internationalized and distributed as
1270 such by its maintainer. There might be an observable lag between the
1271 mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a distribution.
1272 </p>
1273 <p>If June 2023 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy
1274 of this &lsquo;<tt>ABOUT-NLS</tt>&rsquo; file on most GNU archive sites. The most
1275 up-to-date matrix with full percentage details can be found at
1276 &lsquo;<tt>https://translationproject.org/extra/matrix.html</tt>&rsquo;.
1277 </p>
1278
1279
1280 <a name="Using-gettext-in-own-code"></a>
1281 <a name="SEC371"></a>
1282 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC364">17.2.5 Using <code>gettext</code> in new packages</a> </h3>
1283
1284 <p>If you are writing a freely available program and want to internationalize
1285 it you are welcome to use GNU &lsquo;<tt>gettext</tt>&rsquo; in your package. Of course
1286 you have to respect the GNU Lesser General Public License which covers
1287 the use of the GNU &lsquo;<tt>gettext</tt>&rsquo; library. This means in particular that
1288 even non-free programs can use <code>libintl</code> as a shared library, whereas
1289 only free software can use <code>libintl</code> as a static library or use
1290 modified versions of <code>libintl</code>.
1291 </p>
1292 <p>Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle the
1293 use of <code>gettext</code> the only thing missing are the translations. The
1294 Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not
1295 developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above
1296 applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact
1297 &lsquo;<tt>coordinator@translationproject.org</tt>&rsquo; to make the &lsquo;<tt>.pot</tt>&rsquo; files
1298 available to the translation teams.
1299 </p>
1300
1301 <a name="References"></a>
1302 <a name="SEC372"></a>
1303 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC365">17.3 Related Readings</a> </h2>
1304
1305 <p><strong> NOTE: </strong> This documentation section is outdated and needs to be
1306 revised.
1307 </p>
1308 <p>Eugene H. Dorr (&lsquo;<tt>dorre@well.com</tt>&rsquo;) maintains an interesting
1309 bibliography on internationalization matters, called
1310 <cite>Internationalization Reference List</cite>, which is available as:
1311 </p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/i18n-books.txt
1312 </pre></td></tr></table>
1313
1314 <p>Michael Gschwind (&lsquo;<tt>mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at</tt>&rsquo;) maintains a
1315 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list, entitled <cite>Programming for
1316 Internationalisation</cite>. This FAQ discusses writing programs which
1317 can handle different language conventions, character sets, etc.;
1318 and is applicable to all character set encodings, with particular
1319 emphasis on ISO 8859-1. It is regularly published in Usenet
1320 groups &lsquo;<tt>comp.unix.questions</tt>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<tt>comp.std.internat</tt>&rsquo;,
1321 &lsquo;<tt>comp.software.international</tt>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<tt>comp.lang.c</tt>&rsquo;,
1322 &lsquo;<tt>comp.windows.x</tt>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<tt>comp.std.c</tt>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<tt>comp.answers</tt>&rsquo;
1323 and &lsquo;<tt>news.answers</tt>&rsquo;. The home location of this document is:
1324 </p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-programming
1325 </pre></td></tr></table>
1326
1327 <p>Patrick D'Cruze (&lsquo;<tt>pdcruze@li.org</tt>&rsquo;) wrote a tutorial about NLS
1328 matters, and Jochen Hein (&lsquo;<tt>Hein@student.tu-clausthal.de</tt>&rsquo;) took
1329 over the responsibility of maintaining it. It may be found as:
1330 </p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/nls/catalogs/Incoming/...
1331 ...locale-tutorial-0.8.txt.gz
1332 </pre></td></tr></table>
1333 <p>This site is mirrored in:
1334 </p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/sunsite/
1335 </pre></td></tr></table>
1336
1337 <p>A French version of the same tutorial should be findable at:
1338 </p><table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/french/docs/
1339 </pre></td></tr></table>
1340 <p>together with French translations of many Linux-related documents.
1341 </p>
1342
1343 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
1344 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC364" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
1345 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_18.html#SEC373" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
1346 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
1347 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
1348 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
1349 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
1350 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
1351 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
1352 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
1353 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
1354 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
1355 </tr></table>
1356 <p>
1357 <font size="-1">
1358 This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>February, 21 2024</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>.
1359 </font>
1360 <br>
1361
1362 </p>
1363 </body>
1364 </html>