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| author | jpayne |
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| date | Tue, 18 Mar 2025 16:23:26 -0400 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/CSP2/CSP2_env/env-d9b9114564458d9d-741b3de822f2aaca6c6caa4325c4afce/share/doc/gettext/gettext_17.html Tue Mar 18 16:23:26 2025 -0400 @@ -0,0 +1,1364 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- Created on February, 21 2024 by texi2html 1.78a --> +<!-- +Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) + Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> + Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de> + and many others. +Maintained by: Many creative people. +Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org> + +--> +<head> +<title>GNU gettext utilities: 17. Concluding Remarks</title> + +<meta name="description" content="GNU gettext utilities: 17. Concluding Remarks"> +<meta name="keywords" content="GNU gettext utilities: 17. Concluding Remarks"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.78a"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +pre.display {font-family: serif} +pre.format {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal;} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;} +ul.toc {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + +</head> + +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> + +<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0"> +<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_16.html#SEC340" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_18.html#SEC373" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td> +</tr></table> + +<hr size="2"> +<a name="Conclusion"></a> +<a name="SEC364"></a> +<h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC357">17. Concluding Remarks</a> </h1> + +<p>We would like to conclude this GNU <code>gettext</code> manual by presenting +an history of the Translation Project so far. We finally give +a few pointers for those who want to do further research or readings +about Native Language Support matters. +</p> + + +<a name="History"></a> +<a name="SEC365"></a> +<h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC358">17.1 History of GNU <code>gettext</code></a> </h2> + +<p>Internationalization concerns and algorithms have been informally +and casually discussed for years in GNU, sometimes around GNU +<code>libc</code>, maybe around the incoming <code>Hurd</code>, or otherwise +(nobody clearly remembers). And even then, when the work started for +real, this was somewhat independently of these previous discussions. +</p> +<p>This all began in July 1994, when Patrick D'Cruze had the idea and +initiative of internationalizing version 3.9.2 of GNU <code>fileutils</code>. +He then asked Jim Meyering, the maintainer, how to get those changes +folded into an official release. That first draft was full of +<code>#ifdef</code>s and somewhat disconcerting, and Jim wanted to find +nicer ways. Patrick and Jim shared some tries and experimentations +in this area. Then, feeling that this might eventually have a deeper +impact on GNU, Jim wanted to know what standards were, and contacted +Richard Stallman, who very quickly and verbally described an overall +design for what was meant to become <code>glocale</code>, at that time. +</p> +<p>Jim implemented <code>glocale</code> and got a lot of exhausting feedback +from Patrick and Richard, of course, but also from Mitchum DSouza +(who wrote a <code>catgets</code>-like package), Roland McGrath, maybe David +MacKenzie, François Pinard, and Paul Eggert, all pushing and +pulling in various directions, not always compatible, to the extent +that after a couple of test releases, <code>glocale</code> was torn apart. +In particular, Paul Eggert – always keeping an eye on developments +in Solaris – advocated the use of the <code>gettext</code> API over +<code>glocale</code>'s <code>catgets</code>-based API. +</p> +<p>While Jim took some distance and time and became dad for a second +time, Roland wanted to get GNU <code>libc</code> internationalized, and +got Ulrich Drepper involved in that project. Instead of starting +from <code>glocale</code>, Ulrich rewrote something from scratch, but +more conforming to the set of guidelines who emerged out of the +<code>glocale</code> effort. Then, Ulrich got people from the previous +forum to involve themselves into this new project, and the switch +from <code>glocale</code> to what was first named <code>msgutils</code>, renamed +<code>nlsutils</code>, and later <code>gettext</code>, became officially accepted +by Richard in May 1995 or so. +</p> +<p>Let's summarize by saying that Ulrich Drepper wrote GNU <code>gettext</code> +in April 1995. The first official release of the package, including +PO mode, occurred in July 1995, and was numbered 0.7. Other people +contributed to the effort by providing a discussion forum around +Ulrich, writing little pieces of code, or testing. These are quoted +in the <code>THANKS</code> file which comes with the GNU <code>gettext</code> +distribution. +</p> +<p>While this was being done, François adapted half a dozen of +GNU packages to <code>glocale</code> first, then later to <code>gettext</code>, +putting them in pretest, so providing along the way an effective +user environment for fine tuning the evolving tools. He also took +the responsibility of organizing and coordinating the Translation +Project. After nearly a year of informal exchanges between people from +many countries, translator teams started to exist in May 1995, through +the creation and support by Patrick D'Cruze of twenty unmoderated +mailing lists for that many native languages, and two moderated +lists: one for reaching all teams at once, the other for reaching +all willing maintainers of internationalized free software packages. +</p> +<p>François also wrote PO mode in June 1995 with the collaboration +of Greg McGary, as a kind of contribution to Ulrich's package. +He also gave a hand with the GNU <code>gettext</code> Texinfo manual. +</p> +<p>In 1997, Ulrich Drepper released the GNU libc 2.0, which included the +<code>gettext</code>, <code>textdomain</code> and <code>bindtextdomain</code> functions. +</p> +<p>In 2000, Ulrich Drepper added plural form handling (the <code>ngettext</code> +function) to GNU libc. Later, in 2001, he released GNU libc 2.2.x, +which is the first free C library with full internationalization support. +</p> +<p>Ulrich being quite busy in his role of General Maintainer of GNU libc, +he handed over the GNU <code>gettext</code> maintenance to Bruno Haible in +2000. Bruno added the plural form handling to the tools as well, added +support for UTF-8 and CJK locales, and wrote a few new tools for +manipulating PO files. +</p> + + +<a name="The-original-ABOUT_002dNLS"></a> +<a name="SEC366"></a> +<h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC359">17.2 Notes on the Free Translation Project</a> </h2> + +<p>This section contains the text that was, for a long time, distributed +as a file named <code>ABOUT-NLS</code>. +</p> +<p><strong> NOTE: </strong> This documentation section is outdated. It it included +here for historical purposes only. +</p> + +<p>Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project is +a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all +together, so that free software will gradually become able to speak many +languages. A few packages already provide translations for their messages. +</p> +<p>If you found this ‘<tt>ABOUT-NLS</tt>’ file inside a distribution, you +may assume that the distributed package does use GNU <code>gettext</code> +internally, itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you +do <em>not</em> need to install GNU <code>gettext</code> prior to configuring, +installing or using this package with messages translated. +</p> +<p>Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also explain +how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the available +translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and work +on translations can contact the appropriate team. +</p> + + + +<a name="INSTALL-Matters"></a> +<a name="SEC367"></a> +<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC360">17.2.1 INSTALL Matters</a> </h3> + +<p>Some packages are <em>localizable</em> when properly installed; the +programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language. +Most such packages use GNU <code>gettext</code>. Other packages have their +own ways to internationalization, predating GNU <code>gettext</code>. +</p> +<p>By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of +messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already +provides the GNU <code>gettext</code> functions. Installers may use special +options at configuration time for changing the default behaviour. The +command: +</p> +<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">./configure --disable-nls +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>will <em>totally</em> disable translation of messages. +</p> +<p>When you already have GNU <code>gettext</code> installed on your system and +run configure without an option for your new package, <code>configure</code> +will probably detect the previously built and installed ‘<tt>libintl</tt>’ +library and will decide to use it. If not, you may have to to use the +‘<samp>--with-libintl-prefix</samp>’ option to tell <code>configure</code> where to +look for it. +</p> +<p>Internationalized packages usually have many ‘<tt>po/<var>ll</var>.po</tt>’ +files, where <var>ll</var> gives an ISO 639 two-letter code +identifying the language. Unless translations have been forbidden +at <code>configure</code> time by using the ‘<samp>--disable-nls</samp>’ switch, +all available translations are installed together with the package. +However, the environment variable <code>LINGUAS</code> may be set, prior +to configuration, to limit the installed set. <code>LINGUAS</code> should +then contain a space separated list of two-letter codes, stating +which languages are allowed. +</p> + +<a name="Using-This-Package"></a> +<a name="SEC368"></a> +<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC361">17.2.2 Using This Package</a> </h3> + +<p>As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you +only have to set the <code>LANG</code> environment variable to the appropriate +‘<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>’ combination. If you happen to have the <code>LC_ALL</code> +or some other <code>LC_xxx</code> environment variables set, you should unset them +before setting <code>LANG</code>, otherwise the setting of <code>LANG</code> will not +have the desired effect. Here ‘<samp><var>ll</var></samp>’ is an +ISO 639 two-letter language code, and ‘<samp><var>CC</var></samp>’ is an +ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's suppose that you +speak German and live in Germany. At the shell prompt, merely execute +‘<samp>setenv LANG de_DE</samp>’ (in <code>csh</code>), +‘<samp>export LANG; LANG=de_DE</samp>’ (in <code>sh</code>) or +‘<samp>export LANG=de_DE</samp>’ (in <code>bash</code>). This can be done from your +‘<tt>.login</tt>’ or ‘<tt>.profile</tt>’ file, once and for all. +</p> +<p>You might think that the country code specification is redundant. But in +fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For example, +‘<samp>de_AT</samp>’ is used for Austria, and ‘<samp>pt_BR</samp>’ for Brazil. The country +code serves to distinguish the dialects. +</p> +<p>The locale naming convention of ‘<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>’, with +‘<samp><var>ll</var></samp>’ denoting the language and ‘<samp><var>CC</var></samp>’ denoting the +country, is the one use on systems based on GNU libc. On other systems, +some variations of this scheme are used, such as ‘<samp><var>ll</var></samp>’ or +‘<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var>.<var>encoding</var></samp>’. You can get the list of +locales supported by your system for your language by running the command +‘<samp>locale -a | grep '^<var>ll</var>'</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an +English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you +understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages. +This is done through a different environment variable, called +<code>LANGUAGE</code>. GNU <code>gettext</code> gives preference to <code>LANGUAGE</code> +over <code>LANG</code> for the purpose of message handling, but you still +need to have <code>LANG</code> set to the primary language; this is required +by other parts of the system libraries. +For example, some Swedish users who would rather read translations in +German than English for when Swedish is not available, set <code>LANGUAGE</code> +to ‘<samp>sv:de</samp>’ while leaving <code>LANG</code> to ‘<samp>sv_SE</samp>’. +</p> +<p>Special advice for Norwegian users: The language code for Norwegian +bokmål changed from ‘<samp>no</samp>’ to ‘<samp>nb</samp>’ recently (in 2003). +During the transition period, while some message catalogs for this language +are installed under ‘<samp>nb</samp>’ and some older ones under ‘<samp>no</samp>’, it's +recommended for Norwegian users to set <code>LANGUAGE</code> to ‘<samp>nb:no</samp>’ so that +both newer and older translations are used. +</p> +<p>In the <code>LANGUAGE</code> environment variable, but not in the <code>LANG</code> +environment variable, ‘<samp><var>ll</var>_<var>CC</var></samp>’ combinations can be +abbreviated as ‘<samp><var>ll</var></samp>’ to denote the language's main dialect. +For example, ‘<samp>de</samp>’ is equivalent to ‘<samp>de_DE</samp>’ (German as spoken in +Germany), and ‘<samp>pt</samp>’ to ‘<samp>pt_PT</samp>’ (Portuguese as spoken in Portugal) +in this context. +</p> + + +<a name="Translating-Teams"></a> +<a name="SEC369"></a> +<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC362">17.2.3 Translating Teams</a> </h3> + +<p>For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested +people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also +able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language. +Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list +of teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage, +‘<tt>https://translationproject.org/</tt>’, in the "Teams" area. +</p> +<p>If you'd like to volunteer to <em>work</em> at translating messages, you +should become a member of the translating team for your own language. +The subscribing address is <em>not</em> the same as the list itself, it +has ‘<samp>-request</samp>’ appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send +a message to ‘<tt>sv-request@li.org</tt>’, having this message body: +</p> +<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">subscribe +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate +<em>actively</em> in translations, or at solving translational +difficulties, rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not +exist yet and you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to +do or how to get started, please write to +‘<tt>coordinator@translationproject.org</tt>’ to reach the +coordinator for all translator teams. +</p> +<p>The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing +the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skills are praised +more than programming skills, here. +</p> + +<a name="Available-Packages"></a> +<a name="SEC370"></a> +<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC363">17.2.4 Available Packages</a> </h3> + +<p>Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following +matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of +June 2023. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which +languages PO files have been submitted to translation coordination, +with a translation percentage of at least 50%. +</p> +<table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">Ready PO files ab af an ar ast be bg bn bn_IN ca ckb crh cs da + +--------------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] | +anubis | [] | +aspell | [] [] [] [] | +bash | [] [] [] | +beebase | | +bfd | | +binutils | | +bison | [] | +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] | +buzztrax | [] [] | +ccd2cue | [] | +ccide | [] | +cflow | | +clisp | [] | +coreutils | [] [] [] [] | +cpio | [] | +cppi | [] | +cpplib | [] [] | +cryptsetup | [] [] | +datamash | [] | +denemo | [] [] [] | +dfarc | [] [] | +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] | +dico | [] | +diffutils | [] [] [] | +dink | [] [] | +direvent | [] | +doodle | [] [] | +dos2unix | [] [] | +dos2unix-man | | +e2fsprogs | [] [] [] | +enscript | [] [] | +exif | [] [] [] | +fetchmail | [] [] [] | +findutils | [] [] [] [] | +flex | [] [] [] | +freedink | [] [] [] | +fusionforge | | +gas | | +gawk | [] [] | +gcal | [] [] | +gcc | | +gdbm | [] | +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-tools | [] [] [] | +gnubik | [] [] | +gnuchess | [] | +gnucobol | | +gnulib | [] [] [] | +gnunet | | +gnunet-gtk | | +gnutls | [] | +gold | | +gphoto2 | [] [] | +gprof | [] [] | +grep | [] [] [] [] [] | +grip | [] [] [] [] | +grub | [] [] [] | +gsasl | [] | +gss | [] | +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] | +gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] | +gtick | [] [] | +gtkam | [] [] [] | +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gutenprint | [] [] | +hello | [] | +help2man | [] | +help2man-texi | | +idutils | [] | +kbd | [] | +klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +ld | | +libc | [] [] [] [] | +libexif | [] | +libextractor | [] | +libgphoto2 | [] [] | +libgphoto2_port | [] [] | +libiconv | [] [] [] [] | +libidn | [] [] | +libidn2 | [] [] | +lilypond | [] [] [] | +lordsawar | [] [] | +lynx | [] [] [] | +m4 | [] | +mailfromd | [] | +mailutils | | +make | [] [] [] | +man-db | [] [] [] [] | +man-db-manpages | | +meritous | [] | +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] | +minicom | [] [] | +mpop | | +msmtp | | +nano | [] [] [] | +opcodes | | +parted | [] [] | +pies | | +pnmixer | [] | +procps-ng | | +procps-ng-man | | +psmisc | [] [] | +psmisc-man | | +pspp | [] [] | +pyspread | [] | +radius | [] | +recode | [] [] [] [] | +recutils | | +rush | [] | +sarg | [] | +savane | | +sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sharutils | [] | +shepherd | | +shishi | | +skribilo | [] | +solfege | [] [] [] | +solfege-manual | [] | +spotmachine | [] | +sudo | [] [] [] [] | +sudoers | [] [] | +sysstat | [] [] | +tar | [] [] [] [] | +texinfo | [] [] [] | +texinfo_document | [] [] | +tigervnc | [] [] | +tin | [] | +tin-man | | +trader | [] | +util-linux | [] [] | +util-linux-man | | +ve | | +vmm | | +vorbis-tools | [] [] | +wastesedge | [] | +wcd | [] | +wcd-man | | +wdiff | [] [] [] | +wget | [] [] | +wget2 | | +wyslij-po | [] | +xboard | [] | +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] | +xz | [] [] | +xz-man | | + +--------------------------------------------------+ + ab af an ar ast be bg bn bn_IN ca ckb crh cs da + 1 3 2 6 15 11 30 1 1 52 1 1 64 100 + + de el en en_GB eo es et eu fa fi fr fur ga gd + +--------------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] [] [] | +anubis | [] [] [] [] | +aspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +bash | [] [] [] [] [] | +beebase | [] [] [] | +bfd | [] | +binutils | [] | +bison | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +buzztrax | [] [] [] [] | +ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] | +ccide | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +cflow | [] [] [] | +clisp | [] [] [] [] | +coreutils | [] [] [] [] | +cpio | [] [] [] [] [] | +cppi | [] [] [] [] [] | +cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] | +cryptsetup | [] [] [] | +datamash | [] [] [] [] | +denemo | | +dfarc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dico | [] [] [] [] | +diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dink | [] [] [] [] [] | +direvent | [] [] [] [] | +doodle | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dos2unix | [] [] [] [] [] | +dos2unix-man | [] [] [] | +e2fsprogs | [] [] [] | +enscript | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +fetchmail | () [] [] [] [] [] | +findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +flex | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +freedink | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +fusionforge | [] [] [] | +gas | [] [] [] | +gawk | [] [] [] [] | +gcal | [] [] [] | +gcc | [] [] | +gdbm | [] [] [] [] | +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] | +gnubik | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gnuchess | [] [] [] [] | +gnucobol | [] | +gnulib | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gnunet | [] | +gnunet-gtk | [] [] | +gnutls | [] [] [] [] [] | +gold | [] [] [] | +gphoto2 | () [] [] | +gprof | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +grip | [] [] [] [] [] | +grub | [] [] [] [] | +gsasl | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gss | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gtick | () [] [] [] [] [] | +gtkam | () [] [] [] [] | +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gutenprint | [] [] [] | +hello | [] [] [] [] | +help2man | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +help2man-texi | [] [] [] | +idutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +kbd | [] [] [] [] [] | +klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +ld | [] [] | +libc | [] [] [] [] | +libexif | [] [] [] | +libextractor | [] [] [] | +libgphoto2 | () [] [] | +libgphoto2_port | () [] [] [] [] [] | +libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn | [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn2 | [] [] [] [] [] | +lilypond | [] [] [] [] | +lordsawar | [] [] | +lynx | [] [] [] [] [] | +m4 | [] [] [] | +mailfromd | [] | +mailutils | [] [] [] [] | +make | [] [] [] [] [] | +man-db | [] [] [] [] | +man-db-manpages | [] [] [] | +meritous | [] | +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +minicom | [] [] [] [] | +mpop | [] [] [] [] | +msmtp | [] [] [] | +nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +opcodes | [] [] [] | +parted | [] [] [] [] | +pies | [] [] [] | +pnmixer | [] [] | +procps-ng | [] [] [] | +procps-ng-man | [] | +psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +psmisc-man | [] [] | +pspp | [] [] [] [] | +pyspread | [] [] | +radius | [] [] | +recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +recutils | [] [] [] | +rush | [] [] [] | +sarg | [] [] [] | +savane | [] [] | +sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sharutils | [] [] [] [] | +shepherd | [] | +shishi | [] [] [] | +skribilo | [] [] [] [] | +solfege | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +solfege-manual | [] [] [] [] [] | +spotmachine | [] [] [] [] | +sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sudoers | [] [] [] [] | +sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] | +tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +texinfo | [] [] [] [] | +texinfo_document | [] [] [] [] [] | +tigervnc | [] [] [] [] [] | +tin | [] [] [] | +tin-man | [] [] | +trader | [] [] [] [] [] | +util-linux | [] [] [] | +util-linux-man | [] [] | +ve | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +vmm | | +vorbis-tools | [] [] [] [] | +wastesedge | [] | +wcd | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wcd-man | [] [] | +wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wget2 | [] [] [] | +wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] [] | +xboard | [] [] [] | +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xz | [] [] [] [] [] | +xz-man | [] [] | + +--------------------------------------------------+ + de el en en_GB eo es et eu fa fi fr fur ga gd + 130 22 1 5 83 119 19 8 5 78 141 26 26 2 + + gl gu he hi hr hu hy id is it ja ka kk kn ko ku + +-------------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] [] | +anubis | [] [] [] [] | +aspell | [] [] [] [] | +bash | [] [] [] [] [] | +beebase | () | +bfd | | +binutils | | +bison | [] | +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +buzztrax | | +ccd2cue | [] | +ccide | [] [] [] | +cflow | | +clisp | | +coreutils | [] [] [] [] | +cpio | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +cppi | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +cpplib | [] [] | +cryptsetup | [] [] | +datamash | | +denemo | | +dfarc | [] [] [] | +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dico | | +diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dink | [] | +direvent | [] | +doodle | [] | +dos2unix | [] [] [] [] | +dos2unix-man | [] | +e2fsprogs | [] | +enscript | [] [] | +exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +fetchmail | [] [] [] | +findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +flex | | +freedink | [] [] [] [] | +fusionforge | | +gas | [] | +gawk | [] () [] | +gcal | | +gcc | | +gdbm | | +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] | +gnubik | [] [] [] | +gnuchess | [] | +gnucobol | | +gnulib | [] [] [] [] | +gnunet | | +gnunet-gtk | | +gnutls | [] [] | +gold | | +gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] [] | +gprof | [] [] [] [] | +grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +grip | [] [] [] [] | +grub | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gsasl | [] [] [] [] | +gss | [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] | +gtick | [] [] [] [] | +gtkam | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gutenprint | [] [] [] [] [] | +hello | [] [] | +help2man | [] [] [] [] | +help2man-texi | | +idutils | [] [] [] | +kbd | | +klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +ld | | +libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libexif | [] | +libextractor | | +libgphoto2 | | +libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] | +libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn | [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn2 | [] [] [] [] | +lilypond | [] [] | +lordsawar | [] | +lynx | [] [] [] [] | +m4 | [] [] | +mailfromd | | +mailutils | | +make | [] [] [] [] [] | +man-db | [] [] [] | +man-db-manpages | [] [] | +meritous | | +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +minicom | [] [] [] [] [] | +mpop | | +msmtp | | +nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +opcodes | | +parted | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +pies | | +pnmixer | [] [] | +procps-ng | [] | +procps-ng-man | | +psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +psmisc-man | [] [] | +pspp | [] [] | +pyspread | | +radius | [] | +recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +recutils | | +rush | | +sarg | | +savane | [] | +sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sharutils | | +shepherd | | +shishi | | +skribilo | [] | +solfege | [] [] | +solfege-manual | | +spotmachine | | +sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sudoers | [] [] [] [] | +sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] | +tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +texinfo | [] [] [] | +texinfo_document | [] [] [] | +tigervnc | [] [] [] [] | +tin | | +tin-man | | +trader | [] [] | +util-linux | [] [] [] | +util-linux-man | | +ve | [] [] | +vmm | | +vorbis-tools | [] [] [] | +wastesedge | [] | +wcd | | +wcd-man | | +wdiff | [] [] [] | +wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wget2 | [] [] | +wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] | +xboard | | +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xz | [] [] [] [] | +xz-man | [] | + +-------------------------------------------------+ + gl gu he hi hr hu hy id is it ja ka kk kn ko ku + 30 1 8 1 59 62 2 57 7 67 48 39 2 1 43 3 + + ky lg lt lv mk ml mn mr ms mt nb ne nl nn or pa + +-------------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] [] [] | +anubis | [] [] [] | +aspell | [] [] | +bash | [] [] | +beebase | [] | +bfd | | +binutils | | +bison | [] | +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +buzztrax | | +ccd2cue | | +ccide | [] [] | +cflow | | +clisp | [] | +coreutils | [] [] | +cpio | [] | +cppi | | +cpplib | [] | +cryptsetup | | +datamash | [] [] | +denemo | [] | +dfarc | [] [] | +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] | +dico | | +diffutils | [] [] [] [] | +dink | [] | +direvent | [] | +doodle | [] | +dos2unix | [] [] | +dos2unix-man | [] | +e2fsprogs | [] | +enscript | [] | +exif | [] [] [] | +fetchmail | [] | +findutils | [] [] | +flex | [] | +freedink | [] [] | +fusionforge | | +gas | | +gawk | [] | +gcal | | +gcc | | +gdbm | | +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] | +gettext-tools | | +gnubik | [] [] | +gnuchess | [] [] | +gnucobol | | +gnulib | [] | +gnunet | | +gnunet-gtk | | +gnutls | [] [] | +gold | | +gphoto2 | [] | +gprof | [] [] | +grep | [] [] | +grip | [] [] | +grub | [] [] [] | +gsasl | [] | +gss | | +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] | +gstreamer | [] [] [] | +gtick | [] [] | +gtkam | [] [] [] | +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gutenprint | [] | +hello | [] [] | +help2man | [] | +help2man-texi | | +idutils | [] [] | +kbd | | +klavaro | [] [] [] | +ld | | +libc | [] | +libexif | [] | +libextractor | [] | +libgphoto2 | [] | +libgphoto2_port | [] | +libiconv | [] [] | +libidn | [] | +libidn2 | [] | +lilypond | [] | +lordsawar | | +lynx | [] | +m4 | [] | +mailfromd | | +mailutils | | +make | [] | +man-db | [] | +man-db-manpages | | +meritous | | +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] | +minicom | [] | +mpop | | +msmtp | | +nano | [] [] [] | +opcodes | | +parted | [] | +pies | | +pnmixer | [] | +procps-ng | | +procps-ng-man | | +psmisc | [] | +psmisc-man | | +pspp | [] | +pyspread | [] | +radius | [] | +recode | [] [] | +recutils | [] | +rush | [] | +sarg | | +savane | | +sed | [] [] | +sharutils | [] | +shepherd | | +shishi | | +skribilo | | +solfege | [] [] | +solfege-manual | [] | +spotmachine | [] | +sudo | [] [] | +sudoers | [] | +sysstat | [] [] | +tar | [] [] [] | +texinfo | [] [] | +texinfo_document | [] | +tigervnc | | +tin | | +tin-man | | +trader | [] | +util-linux | [] | +util-linux-man | | +ve | [] | +vmm | | +vorbis-tools | [] | +wastesedge | [] | +wcd | [] | +wcd-man | [] | +wdiff | [] [] [] | +wget | [] [] | +wget2 | | +wyslij-po | [] [] | +xboard | [] | +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xkeyboard-config | [] [] | +xz | | +xz-man | | + +-------------------------------------------------+ + ky lg lt lv mk ml mn mr ms mt nb ne nl nn or pa + 5 1 9 12 2 1 3 1 15 2 44 1 98 5 1 3 + + pl pt pt_BR ro ru rw sk sl sq sr sv sw ta te + +-------------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] [] [] [] [] | +anubis | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +aspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +bash | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +beebase | [] | +bfd | [] [] [] [] | +binutils | [] [] [] [] [] | +bison | [] [] [] [] [] | +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +buzztrax | [] [] [] | +ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] | +ccide | [] [] [] [] [] | +cflow | [] [] [] [] [] | +clisp | [] [] [] | +coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +cpio | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +cppi | [] [] [] [] [] | +cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] | +cryptsetup | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +datamash | [] [] [] [] | +denemo | | +dfarc | [] [] [] [] [] | +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dico | [] [] [] [] | +diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dink | [] | +direvent | [] [] [] [] [] | +doodle | [] [] [] [] [] | +dos2unix | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +dos2unix-man | [] [] [] [] [] | +e2fsprogs | [] [] [] [] | +enscript | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +exif | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +fetchmail | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +flex | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +freedink | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +fusionforge | | +gas | [] [] | +gawk | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gcal | [] [] | +gcc | [] [] | +gdbm | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gnubik | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gnuchess | [] [] [] [] | +gnucobol | [] | +gnulib | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gnunet | [] | +gnunet-gtk | [] | +gnutls | [] [] [] [] [] | +gold | [] [] | +gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gprof | [] [] [] [] [] | +grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +grip | [] [] [] [] [] | +grub | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gsasl | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gss | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gtick | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gtkam | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +gutenprint | [] [] [] [] | +hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +help2man | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +help2man-texi | [] [] [] [] [] | +idutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +kbd | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +ld | [] [] [] | +libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libexif | [] [] [] [] | +libextractor | [] [] [] [] | +libgphoto2 | [] [] | +libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn | [] [] [] [] [] | +libidn2 | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +lilypond | [] | +lordsawar | [] [] | +lynx | [] [] [] | +m4 | [] [] [] [] | +mailfromd | [] [] [] | +mailutils | [] [] [] [] | +make | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +man-db | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +man-db-manpages | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +meritous | [] [] [] | +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +minicom | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +mpop | [] [] [] [] | +msmtp | [] [] [] [] | +nano | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +opcodes | [] [] [] [] | +parted | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +pies | [] [] [] | +pnmixer | [] [] () [] [] | +procps-ng | [] [] [] [] | +procps-ng-man | [] [] | +psmisc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +psmisc-man | [] [] [] [] [] | +pspp | [] | +pyspread | [] [] | +radius | [] [] [] | +recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +recutils | [] [] [] | +rush | [] [] [] [] | +sarg | [] [] [] | +savane | [] () | +sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] | +shepherd | [] [] [] | +shishi | [] [] [] | +skribilo | [] [] [] | +solfege | [] [] [] [] [] | +solfege-manual | [] [] | +spotmachine | [] [] [] [] | +sudo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sudoers | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +sysstat | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +texinfo | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +texinfo_document | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +tigervnc | [] [] [] [] | +tin | [] | +tin-man | | +trader | [] [] [] [] | +util-linux | [] [] [] [] [] | +util-linux-man | [] | +ve | [] [] [] [] [] | +vmm | [] | +vorbis-tools | [] [] [] [] [] | +wastesedge | [] [] | +wcd | [] [] [] [] | +wcd-man | [] [] [] [] | +wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +wget2 | [] [] [] [] [] | +wyslij-po | [] [] [] [] [] | +xboard | [] [] [] [] | +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xz | [] [] [] [] [] [] | +xz-man | [] [] | + +-------------------------------------------------+ + pl pt pt_BR ro ru rw sk sl sq sr sv sw ta te + 99 45 113 105 87 0 34 30 11 131 126 1 7 1 + + tg th tr uk ur vi wa wo zh_CN zh_HK zh_TW + +--------------------------------------------+ +a2ps | [] | 15 +anubis | [] [] [] | 21 +aspell | [] [] [] [] | 32 +bash | [] [] [] [] [] | 26 +beebase | [] | 6 +bfd | [] | 6 +binutils | [] | 7 +bison | [] [] | 17 +bison-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 41 +buzztrax | [] [] | 11 +ccd2cue | [] [] [] [] | 14 +ccide | [] [] [] | 20 +cflow | [] | 9 +clisp | | 12 +coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 27 +cpio | [] [] [] [] | 24 +cppi | [] [] [] | 20 +cpplib | [] [] [] [] [] | 20 +cryptsetup | [] | 14 +datamash | [] | 12 +denemo | [] [] [] | 7 +dfarc | [] | 19 +dialog | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 48 +dico | [] | 10 +diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 32 +dink | [] | 11 +direvent | [] [] | 14 +doodle | [] [] [] | 18 +dos2unix | [] [] [] [] | 23 +dos2unix-man | [] [] | 12 +e2fsprogs | [] [] [] | 15 +enscript | [] [] [] | 22 +exif | [] [] [] [] | 33 +fetchmail | [] [] [] | 21 +findutils | [] [] [] [] | 31 +flex | [] [] [] [] [] | 22 +freedink | [] [] | 26 +fusionforge | | 3 +gas | [] | 7 +gawk | [] [] [] | 18 +gcal | [] [] | 9 +gcc | | 4 +gdbm | [] [] | 13 +gettext-examples | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 44 +gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] | 34 +gettext-tools | [] [] [] [] [] | 26 +gnubik | [] [] [] | 22 +gnuchess | [] [] [] | 15 +gnucobol | | 2 +gnulib | [] [] [] [] | 26 +gnunet | | 2 +gnunet-gtk | | 3 +gnutls | [] [] [] | 18 +gold | [] | 6 +gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] | 20 +gprof | [] [] [] | 22 +grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 38 +grip | [] [] [] [] [] | 25 +grub | [] [] [] [] | 28 +gsasl | [] [] [] | 21 +gss | [] [] | 20 +gst-plugins-bad | [] [] [] [] [] | 29 +gst-plugins-base | [] [] [] [] | 32 +gst-plugins-good | [] [] [] [] [] | 34 +gst-plugins-ugly | [] [] [] [] [] | 40 +gstreamer | [] [] [] [] [] | 34 +gtick | [] [] [] | 23 +gtkam | [] [] [] | 26 +gtkspell | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 51 +gutenprint | [] [] [] | 18 +hello | [] [] | 18 +help2man | [] [] [] | 21 +help2man-texi | [] | 9 +idutils | [] [] [] | 21 +kbd | [] [] | 15 +klavaro | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 35 +ld | [] | 6 +libc | [] [] [] [] [] | 28 +libexif | [] [] | 12 +libextractor | [] [] | 11 +libgphoto2 | [] [] | 9 +libgphoto2_port | [] [] [] [] | 22 +libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] | 34 +libidn | [] [] [] | 21 +libidn2 | [] [] | 20 +lilypond | [] | 12 +lordsawar | [] | 8 +lynx | [] [] [] | 19 +m4 | [] [] | 13 +mailfromd | [] [] | 7 +mailutils | [] [] | 10 +make | [] [] [] [] | 25 +man-db | [] [] [] [] | 23 +man-db-manpages | [] [] | 14 +meritous | | 5 +midi-instruments | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 44 +minicom | [] [] | 20 +mpop | [] | 9 +msmtp | [] | 8 +nano | [] [] [] [] [] | 33 +opcodes | [] | 8 +parted | [] [] [] [] [] | 26 +pies | [] [] | 8 +pnmixer | [] [] () | 14 +procps-ng | [] [] | 10 +procps-ng-man | [] | 4 +psmisc | [] [] [] [] | 26 +psmisc-man | [] | 10 +pspp | [] [] | 12 +pyspread | [] | 7 +radius | [] [] | 10 +recode | [] [] [] [] | 31 +recutils | [] [] | 9 +rush | [] [] [] | 12 +sarg | | 7 +savane | | 4 +sed | [] [] [] [] [] | 38 +sharutils | [] [] [] | 14 +shepherd | [] | 5 +shishi | [] [] | 8 +skribilo | [] | 10 +solfege | [] [] [] | 22 +solfege-manual | [] | 10 +spotmachine | [] [] | 12 +sudo | [] [] [] [] [] | 31 +sudoers | [] [] [] | 21 +sysstat | [] [] [] [] | 26 +tar | [] [] [] [] [] | 33 +texinfo | [] [] [] | 23 +texinfo_document | [] | 19 +tigervnc | [] [] | 17 +tin | [] [] [] | 8 +tin-man | | 2 +trader | | 13 +util-linux | [] [] [] [] | 18 +util-linux-man | [] | 4 +ve | [] [] [] | 17 +vmm | [] | 2 +vorbis-tools | [] | 16 +wastesedge | [] | 7 +wcd | [] [] [] | 15 +wcd-man | [] | 8 +wdiff | [] [] [] [] | 27 +wget | [] [] [] [] [] | 30 +wget2 | [] | 11 +wyslij-po | [] [] [] | 20 +xboard | [] [] [] | 12 +xdg-user-dirs | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 72 +xkeyboard-config | [] [] [] | 32 +xz | [] [] [] [] [] | 22 +xz-man | [] | 6 + +--------------------------------------------+ + 85 teams tg th tr uk ur vi wa wo zh_CN zh_HK zh_TW + 151 domains 0 8 54 120 1 93 5 1 87 5 42 2792 +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of visible +blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are used for +implementing regional variants of languages, or language dialects. +</p> +<p>For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to which +it applies should also have been internationalized and distributed as +such by its maintainer. There might be an observable lag between the +mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a distribution. +</p> +<p>If June 2023 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy +of this ‘<tt>ABOUT-NLS</tt>’ file on most GNU archive sites. The most +up-to-date matrix with full percentage details can be found at +‘<tt>https://translationproject.org/extra/matrix.html</tt>’. +</p> + + +<a name="Using-gettext-in-own-code"></a> +<a name="SEC371"></a> +<h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC364">17.2.5 Using <code>gettext</code> in new packages</a> </h3> + +<p>If you are writing a freely available program and want to internationalize +it you are welcome to use GNU ‘<tt>gettext</tt>’ in your package. Of course +you have to respect the GNU Lesser General Public License which covers +the use of the GNU ‘<tt>gettext</tt>’ library. This means in particular that +even non-free programs can use <code>libintl</code> as a shared library, whereas +only free software can use <code>libintl</code> as a static library or use +modified versions of <code>libintl</code>. +</p> +<p>Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle the +use of <code>gettext</code> the only thing missing are the translations. The +Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not +developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above +applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact +‘<tt>coordinator@translationproject.org</tt>’ to make the ‘<tt>.pot</tt>’ files +available to the translation teams. +</p> + +<a name="References"></a> +<a name="SEC372"></a> +<h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC365">17.3 Related Readings</a> </h2> + +<p><strong> NOTE: </strong> This documentation section is outdated and needs to be +revised. +</p> +<p>Eugene H. Dorr (‘<tt>dorre@well.com</tt>’) maintains an interesting +bibliography on internationalization matters, called +<cite>Internationalization Reference List</cite>, which is available as: +</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/i18n-books.txt +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>Michael Gschwind (‘<tt>mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at</tt>’) maintains a +Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list, entitled <cite>Programming for +Internationalisation</cite>. This FAQ discusses writing programs which +can handle different language conventions, character sets, etc.; +and is applicable to all character set encodings, with particular +emphasis on ISO 8859-1. It is regularly published in Usenet +groups ‘<tt>comp.unix.questions</tt>’, ‘<tt>comp.std.internat</tt>’, +‘<tt>comp.software.international</tt>’, ‘<tt>comp.lang.c</tt>’, +‘<tt>comp.windows.x</tt>’, ‘<tt>comp.std.c</tt>’, ‘<tt>comp.answers</tt>’ +and ‘<tt>news.answers</tt>’. The home location of this document is: +</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit/ISO-programming +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>Patrick D'Cruze (‘<tt>pdcruze@li.org</tt>’) wrote a tutorial about NLS +matters, and Jochen Hein (‘<tt>Hein@student.tu-clausthal.de</tt>’) took +over the responsibility of maintaining it. It may be found as: +</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/utils/nls/catalogs/Incoming/... + ...locale-tutorial-0.8.txt.gz +</pre></td></tr></table> +<p>This site is mirrored in: +</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/sunsite/ +</pre></td></tr></table> + +<p>A French version of the same tutorial should be findable at: +</p><table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">ftp://ftp.ibp.fr/pub/linux/french/docs/ +</pre></td></tr></table> +<p>together with French translations of many Linux-related documents. +</p> + +<table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0"> +<tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC364" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_18.html#SEC373" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left"> </td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td> +<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td> +</tr></table> +<p> + <font size="-1"> + This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>February, 21 2024</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>. + </font> + <br> + +</p> +</body> +</html>