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14 <title>GNU gettext utilities: 7. Updating Existing PO Files</title>
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44 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
45 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_6.html#SEC45" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
46 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_8.html#SEC63" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
47 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
48 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
49 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
50 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
51 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
52 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
53 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
54 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
55 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
56 </tr></table>
57
58 <hr size="2">
59 <a name="Updating"></a>
60 <a name="SEC53"></a>
61 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC46">7. Updating Existing PO Files</a> </h1>
62
63
64
65 <a name="msgmerge-Invocation"></a>
66 <a name="SEC54"></a>
67 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC47">7.1 Invoking the <code>msgmerge</code> Program</a> </h2>
68
69
70 <table><tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td><pre class="example">msgmerge [<var>option</var>] <var>def</var>.po <var>ref</var>.pot
71 </pre></td></tr></table>
72
73 <p>The <code>msgmerge</code> program merges two Uniforum style .po files together.
74 The <var>def</var>.po file is an existing PO file with translations which will
75 be taken over to the newly created file as long as they still match;
76 comments will be preserved, but extracted comments and file positions will
77 be discarded. The <var>ref</var>.pot file is the last created PO file with
78 up-to-date source references but old translations, or a PO Template file
79 (generally created by <code>xgettext</code>); any translations or comments
80 in the file will be discarded, however dot comments and file positions
81 will be preserved. Where an exact match cannot be found, fuzzy matching
82 is used to produce better results.
83 </p>
84
85 <a name="SEC55"></a>
86 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC48">7.1.1 Input file location</a> </h3>
87
88 <dl compact="compact">
89 <dt> &lsquo;<samp><var>def</var>.po</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
90 <dd><p>Translations referring to old sources.
91 </p>
92 </dd>
93 <dt> &lsquo;<samp><var>ref</var>.pot</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
94 <dd><p>References to the new sources.
95 </p>
96 </dd>
97 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-D <var>directory</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
98 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--directory=<var>directory</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
99 <dd><a name="IDX261"></a>
100 <a name="IDX262"></a>
101 <p>Add <var>directory</var> to the list of directories. Source files are
102 searched relative to this list of directories. The resulting &lsquo;<tt>.po</tt>&rsquo;
103 file will be written relative to the current directory, though.
104 </p>
105 </dd>
106 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-C <var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
107 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--compendium=<var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
108 <dd><a name="IDX263"></a>
109 <a name="IDX264"></a>
110 <p>Specify an additional library of message translations. See section <a href="gettext_8.html#SEC80">Using Translation Compendia</a>.
111 This option may be specified more than once.
112 </p>
113 </dd>
114 </dl>
115
116
117 <a name="SEC56"></a>
118 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC49">7.1.2 Operation mode</a> </h3>
119
120 <dl compact="compact">
121 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-U</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
122 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--update</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
123 <dd><a name="IDX265"></a>
124 <a name="IDX266"></a>
125 <p>Update <var>def</var>.po. Do nothing if <var>def</var>.po is already up to date.
126 </p>
127 </dd>
128 </dl>
129
130
131 <a name="SEC57"></a>
132 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC50">7.1.3 Output file location</a> </h3>
133
134 <dl compact="compact">
135 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-o <var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
136 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--output-file=<var>file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
137 <dd><a name="IDX267"></a>
138 <a name="IDX268"></a>
139 <p>Write output to specified file.
140 </p>
141 </dd>
142 </dl>
143
144 <a name="IDX269"></a>
145 <p>The results are written to standard output if no output file is specified
146 or if it is &lsquo;<samp>-</samp>&rsquo;.
147 </p>
148
149 <a name="SEC58"></a>
150 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC51">7.1.4 Output file location in update mode</a> </h3>
151
152 <p>The result is written back to <var>def</var>.po.
153 </p>
154 <dl compact="compact">
155 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--backup=<var>control</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
156 <dd><a name="IDX270"></a>
157 <a name="IDX271"></a>
158 <p>Make a backup of <var>def</var>.po
159 </p>
160 </dd>
161 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--suffix=<var>suffix</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
162 <dd><a name="IDX272"></a>
163 <p>Override the usual backup suffix.
164 </p>
165 </dd>
166 </dl>
167
168 <a name="IDX273"></a>
169 <p>The version control method may be selected via the <code>--backup</code> option
170 or through the <code>VERSION_CONTROL</code> environment variable. Here are the
171 values:
172 </p>
173 <dl compact="compact">
174 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>none</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
175 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>off</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
176 <dd><p>Never make backups (even if <code>--backup</code> is given).
177 </p>
178 </dd>
179 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>numbered</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
180 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>t</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
181 <dd><p>Make numbered backups.
182 </p>
183 </dd>
184 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>existing</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
185 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>nil</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
186 <dd><p>Make numbered backups if numbered backups for this file already exist,
187 otherwise make simple backups.
188 </p>
189 </dd>
190 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>simple</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
191 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>never</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
192 <dd><p>Always make simple backups.
193 </p>
194 </dd>
195 </dl>
196
197 <p>The backup suffix is &lsquo;<samp>~</samp>&rsquo;, unless set with <code>--suffix</code> or the
198 <code>SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX</code> environment variable.
199 </p>
200
201 <a name="SEC59"></a>
202 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC52">7.1.5 Operation modifiers</a> </h3>
203
204 <dl compact="compact">
205 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-m</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
206 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--multi-domain</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
207 <dd><a name="IDX274"></a>
208 <a name="IDX275"></a>
209 <p>Apply <var>ref</var>.pot to each of the domains in <var>def</var>.po.
210 </p>
211 </dd>
212 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--for-msgfmt</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
213 <dd><a name="IDX276"></a>
214 <p>Produce a PO file meant for <code>msgfmt</code> only, not for a translator.
215 This option omits untranslated messages, fuzzy messages (except the header
216 entry), and obsolete messages from the output. Also, it omits translator
217 comments and &lsquo;<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>&rsquo; lines from the output.
218 In particular, this option implies &lsquo;<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>&rsquo;.
219 </p>
220 </dd>
221 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-N</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
222 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
223 <dd><a name="IDX277"></a>
224 <a name="IDX278"></a>
225 <p>Do not use fuzzy matching when an exact match is not found. This may speed
226 up the operation considerably.
227 </p>
228 </dd>
229 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--previous</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
230 <dd><a name="IDX279"></a>
231 <p>Keep the previous msgids of translated messages, marked with &lsquo;<samp>#|</samp>&rsquo;, when
232 adding the fuzzy marker to such messages.
233 </p></dd>
234 </dl>
235
236
237 <a name="SEC60"></a>
238 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC53">7.1.6 Input file syntax</a> </h3>
239
240 <dl compact="compact">
241 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-P</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
242 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--properties-input</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
243 <dd><a name="IDX280"></a>
244 <a name="IDX281"></a>
245 <p>Assume the input files are Java ResourceBundles in Java <code>.properties</code>
246 syntax, not in PO file syntax.
247 </p>
248 </dd>
249 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--stringtable-input</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
250 <dd><a name="IDX282"></a>
251 <p>Assume the input files are NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource files in
252 <code>.strings</code> syntax, not in PO file syntax.
253 </p>
254 </dd>
255 </dl>
256
257
258 <a name="SEC61"></a>
259 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC54">7.1.7 Output details</a> </h3>
260
261
262 <dl compact="compact">
263 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--lang=<var>catalogname</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
264 <dd><a name="IDX283"></a>
265 <p>Specify the &lsquo;<samp>Language</samp>&rsquo; field to be used in the header entry. See
266 <a href="gettext_6.html#SEC52">Filling in the Header Entry</a> for the meaning of this field. Note: The
267 &lsquo;<samp>Language-Team</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>Plural-Forms</samp>&rsquo; fields are left unchanged.
268 If this option is not specified, the &lsquo;<samp>Language</samp>&rsquo; field is inferred, as
269 best as possible, from the &lsquo;<samp>Language-Team</samp>&rsquo; field.
270 </p>
271 </dd>
272 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--color</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
273 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--color=<var>when</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
274 <dd><a name="IDX284"></a>
275 <p>Specify whether or when to use colors and other text attributes.
276 See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC158">The <code>--color</code> option</a> for details.
277 </p>
278 </dd>
279 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--style=<var>style_file</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
280 <dd><a name="IDX285"></a>
281 <p>Specify the CSS style rule file to use for <code>--color</code>.
282 See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC160">The <code>--style</code> option</a> for details.
283 </p>
284 </dd>
285 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--force-po</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
286 <dd><a name="IDX286"></a>
287 <p>Always write an output file even if it contains no message.
288 </p>
289 </dd>
290 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-i</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
291 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--indent</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
292 <dd><a name="IDX287"></a>
293 <a name="IDX288"></a>
294 <p>Write the .po file using indented style.
295 </p>
296 </dd>
297 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--no-location</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
298 <dd><a name="IDX289"></a>
299 <p>Do not write &lsquo;<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>&rsquo; lines.
300 </p>
301 </dd>
302 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-n</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
303 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--add-location=<var>type</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
304 <dd><a name="IDX290"></a>
305 <p>Generate &lsquo;<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>&rsquo; lines (default).
306 </p>
307 <p>The optional <var>type</var> can be either &lsquo;<samp>full</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;, or
308 &lsquo;<samp>never</samp>&rsquo;. If it is not given or &lsquo;<samp>full</samp>&rsquo;, it generates the
309 lines with both file name and line number. If it is &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;, the
310 line number part is omitted. If it is &lsquo;<samp>never</samp>&rsquo;, it completely
311 suppresses the lines (same as <code>--no-location</code>).
312 </p>
313 </dd>
314 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--strict</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
315 <dd><a name="IDX291"></a>
316 <p>Write out a strict Uniforum conforming PO file. Note that this
317 Uniforum format should be avoided because it doesn't support the
318 GNU extensions.
319 </p>
320 </dd>
321 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-p</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
322 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--properties-output</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
323 <dd><a name="IDX292"></a>
324 <a name="IDX293"></a>
325 <p>Write out a Java ResourceBundle in Java <code>.properties</code> syntax. Note
326 that this file format doesn't support plural forms and silently drops
327 obsolete messages.
328 </p>
329 </dd>
330 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--stringtable-output</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
331 <dd><a name="IDX294"></a>
332 <p>Write out a NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource file in <code>.strings</code> syntax.
333 Note that this file format doesn't support plural forms.
334 </p>
335 </dd>
336 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-w <var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
337 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--width=<var>number</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
338 <dd><a name="IDX295"></a>
339 <a name="IDX296"></a>
340 <p>Set the output page width. Long strings in the output files will be
341 split across multiple lines in order to ensure that each line's width
342 (= number of screen columns) is less or equal to the given <var>number</var>.
343 </p>
344 </dd>
345 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--no-wrap</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
346 <dd><a name="IDX297"></a>
347 <p>Do not break long message lines. Message lines whose width exceeds the
348 output page width will not be split into several lines. Only file reference
349 lines which are wider than the output page width will be split.
350 </p>
351 </dd>
352 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-s</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
353 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--sort-output</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
354 <dd><a name="IDX298"></a>
355 <a name="IDX299"></a>
356 <a name="IDX300"></a>
357 <p>Generate sorted output. Note that using this option makes it much harder
358 for the translator to understand each message's context.
359 </p>
360 </dd>
361 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-F</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
362 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--sort-by-file</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
363 <dd><a name="IDX301"></a>
364 <a name="IDX302"></a>
365 <p>Sort output by file location.
366 </p>
367 </dd>
368 </dl>
369
370
371 <a name="SEC62"></a>
372 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC55">7.1.8 Informative output</a> </h3>
373
374 <dl compact="compact">
375 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-h</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
376 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--help</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
377 <dd><a name="IDX303"></a>
378 <a name="IDX304"></a>
379 <p>Display this help and exit.
380 </p>
381 </dd>
382 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-V</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
383 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--version</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
384 <dd><a name="IDX305"></a>
385 <a name="IDX306"></a>
386 <p>Output version information and exit.
387 </p>
388 </dd>
389 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-v</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
390 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--verbose</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
391 <dd><a name="IDX307"></a>
392 <a name="IDX308"></a>
393 <p>Increase verbosity level.
394 </p>
395 </dd>
396 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>-q</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
397 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--quiet</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
398 <dt> &lsquo;<samp>--silent</samp>&rsquo;</dt>
399 <dd><a name="IDX309"></a>
400 <a name="IDX310"></a>
401 <a name="IDX311"></a>
402 <p>Suppress progress indicators.
403 </p>
404 </dd>
405 </dl>
406
407
408 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
409 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC53" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> &lt;&lt; </a>]</td>
410 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_8.html#SEC63" title="Next chapter"> &gt;&gt; </a>]</td>
411 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
412 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
413 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
414 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
415 <td valign="middle" align="left"> &nbsp; </td>
416 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
417 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
418 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
419 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
420 </tr></table>
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