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13 <head>
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14 <title>GNU gettext utilities: 7. Updating Existing PO Files</title>
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15
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16 <meta name="description" content="GNU gettext utilities: 7. Updating Existing PO Files">
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37 </style>
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38
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39
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40 </head>
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41
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42 <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
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43
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44 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
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45 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_6.html#SEC45" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
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46 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_8.html#SEC63" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
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47 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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48 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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49 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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50 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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51 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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52 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
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53 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
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54 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
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55 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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56 </tr></table>
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57
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58 <hr size="2">
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59 <a name="Updating"></a>
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60 <a name="SEC53"></a>
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61 <h1 class="chapter"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC46">7. Updating Existing PO Files</a> </h1>
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62
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63
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64
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65 <a name="msgmerge-Invocation"></a>
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66 <a name="SEC54"></a>
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67 <h2 class="section"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC47">7.1 Invoking the <code>msgmerge</code> Program</a> </h2>
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68
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69
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70 <table><tr><td> </td><td><pre class="example">msgmerge [<var>option</var>] <var>def</var>.po <var>ref</var>.pot
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71 </pre></td></tr></table>
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72
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73 <p>The <code>msgmerge</code> program merges two Uniforum style .po files together.
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74 The <var>def</var>.po file is an existing PO file with translations which will
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75 be taken over to the newly created file as long as they still match;
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76 comments will be preserved, but extracted comments and file positions will
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77 be discarded. The <var>ref</var>.pot file is the last created PO file with
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78 up-to-date source references but old translations, or a PO Template file
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79 (generally created by <code>xgettext</code>); any translations or comments
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80 in the file will be discarded, however dot comments and file positions
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81 will be preserved. Where an exact match cannot be found, fuzzy matching
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82 is used to produce better results.
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83 </p>
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84
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85 <a name="SEC55"></a>
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86 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC48">7.1.1 Input file location</a> </h3>
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87
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88 <dl compact="compact">
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89 <dt> ‘<samp><var>def</var>.po</samp>’</dt>
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90 <dd><p>Translations referring to old sources.
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91 </p>
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92 </dd>
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93 <dt> ‘<samp><var>ref</var>.pot</samp>’</dt>
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94 <dd><p>References to the new sources.
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95 </p>
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96 </dd>
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97 <dt> ‘<samp>-D <var>directory</var></samp>’</dt>
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98 <dt> ‘<samp>--directory=<var>directory</var></samp>’</dt>
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99 <dd><a name="IDX261"></a>
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100 <a name="IDX262"></a>
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101 <p>Add <var>directory</var> to the list of directories. Source files are
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102 searched relative to this list of directories. The resulting ‘<tt>.po</tt>’
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103 file will be written relative to the current directory, though.
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104 </p>
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105 </dd>
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106 <dt> ‘<samp>-C <var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
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107 <dt> ‘<samp>--compendium=<var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
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108 <dd><a name="IDX263"></a>
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109 <a name="IDX264"></a>
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110 <p>Specify an additional library of message translations. See section <a href="gettext_8.html#SEC80">Using Translation Compendia</a>.
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111 This option may be specified more than once.
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112 </p>
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113 </dd>
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114 </dl>
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115
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116
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117 <a name="SEC56"></a>
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118 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC49">7.1.2 Operation mode</a> </h3>
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119
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120 <dl compact="compact">
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121 <dt> ‘<samp>-U</samp>’</dt>
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122 <dt> ‘<samp>--update</samp>’</dt>
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123 <dd><a name="IDX265"></a>
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124 <a name="IDX266"></a>
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125 <p>Update <var>def</var>.po. Do nothing if <var>def</var>.po is already up to date.
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126 </p>
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127 </dd>
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128 </dl>
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129
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130
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131 <a name="SEC57"></a>
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132 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC50">7.1.3 Output file location</a> </h3>
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133
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134 <dl compact="compact">
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135 <dt> ‘<samp>-o <var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
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136 <dt> ‘<samp>--output-file=<var>file</var></samp>’</dt>
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137 <dd><a name="IDX267"></a>
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138 <a name="IDX268"></a>
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139 <p>Write output to specified file.
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140 </p>
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141 </dd>
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142 </dl>
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143
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144 <a name="IDX269"></a>
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145 <p>The results are written to standard output if no output file is specified
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146 or if it is ‘<samp>-</samp>’.
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147 </p>
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148
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149 <a name="SEC58"></a>
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150 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC51">7.1.4 Output file location in update mode</a> </h3>
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151
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152 <p>The result is written back to <var>def</var>.po.
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153 </p>
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154 <dl compact="compact">
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155 <dt> ‘<samp>--backup=<var>control</var></samp>’</dt>
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156 <dd><a name="IDX270"></a>
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157 <a name="IDX271"></a>
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158 <p>Make a backup of <var>def</var>.po
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159 </p>
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160 </dd>
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161 <dt> ‘<samp>--suffix=<var>suffix</var></samp>’</dt>
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162 <dd><a name="IDX272"></a>
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163 <p>Override the usual backup suffix.
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164 </p>
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165 </dd>
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166 </dl>
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167
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168 <a name="IDX273"></a>
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169 <p>The version control method may be selected via the <code>--backup</code> option
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170 or through the <code>VERSION_CONTROL</code> environment variable. Here are the
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171 values:
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172 </p>
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173 <dl compact="compact">
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174 <dt> ‘<samp>none</samp>’</dt>
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175 <dt> ‘<samp>off</samp>’</dt>
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176 <dd><p>Never make backups (even if <code>--backup</code> is given).
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177 </p>
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178 </dd>
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179 <dt> ‘<samp>numbered</samp>’</dt>
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180 <dt> ‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
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181 <dd><p>Make numbered backups.
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182 </p>
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183 </dd>
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184 <dt> ‘<samp>existing</samp>’</dt>
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185 <dt> ‘<samp>nil</samp>’</dt>
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186 <dd><p>Make numbered backups if numbered backups for this file already exist,
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187 otherwise make simple backups.
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188 </p>
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189 </dd>
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190 <dt> ‘<samp>simple</samp>’</dt>
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191 <dt> ‘<samp>never</samp>’</dt>
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192 <dd><p>Always make simple backups.
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193 </p>
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194 </dd>
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195 </dl>
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196
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197 <p>The backup suffix is ‘<samp>~</samp>’, unless set with <code>--suffix</code> or the
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198 <code>SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX</code> environment variable.
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199 </p>
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200
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201 <a name="SEC59"></a>
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202 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC52">7.1.5 Operation modifiers</a> </h3>
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203
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204 <dl compact="compact">
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205 <dt> ‘<samp>-m</samp>’</dt>
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206 <dt> ‘<samp>--multi-domain</samp>’</dt>
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207 <dd><a name="IDX274"></a>
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208 <a name="IDX275"></a>
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209 <p>Apply <var>ref</var>.pot to each of the domains in <var>def</var>.po.
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210 </p>
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211 </dd>
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212 <dt> ‘<samp>--for-msgfmt</samp>’</dt>
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213 <dd><a name="IDX276"></a>
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214 <p>Produce a PO file meant for <code>msgfmt</code> only, not for a translator.
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215 This option omits untranslated messages, fuzzy messages (except the header
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216 entry), and obsolete messages from the output. Also, it omits translator
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217 comments and ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines from the output.
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218 In particular, this option implies ‘<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>’.
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219 </p>
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220 </dd>
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221 <dt> ‘<samp>-N</samp>’</dt>
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222 <dt> ‘<samp>--no-fuzzy-matching</samp>’</dt>
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223 <dd><a name="IDX277"></a>
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224 <a name="IDX278"></a>
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225 <p>Do not use fuzzy matching when an exact match is not found. This may speed
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226 up the operation considerably.
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227 </p>
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228 </dd>
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229 <dt> ‘<samp>--previous</samp>’</dt>
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230 <dd><a name="IDX279"></a>
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231 <p>Keep the previous msgids of translated messages, marked with ‘<samp>#|</samp>’, when
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232 adding the fuzzy marker to such messages.
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233 </p></dd>
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234 </dl>
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235
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236
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237 <a name="SEC60"></a>
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238 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC53">7.1.6 Input file syntax</a> </h3>
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239
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240 <dl compact="compact">
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241 <dt> ‘<samp>-P</samp>’</dt>
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242 <dt> ‘<samp>--properties-input</samp>’</dt>
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243 <dd><a name="IDX280"></a>
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244 <a name="IDX281"></a>
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245 <p>Assume the input files are Java ResourceBundles in Java <code>.properties</code>
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246 syntax, not in PO file syntax.
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247 </p>
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248 </dd>
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249 <dt> ‘<samp>--stringtable-input</samp>’</dt>
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250 <dd><a name="IDX282"></a>
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251 <p>Assume the input files are NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource files in
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252 <code>.strings</code> syntax, not in PO file syntax.
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253 </p>
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254 </dd>
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255 </dl>
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256
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257
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258 <a name="SEC61"></a>
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259 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC54">7.1.7 Output details</a> </h3>
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260
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261
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262 <dl compact="compact">
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263 <dt> ‘<samp>--lang=<var>catalogname</var></samp>’</dt>
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264 <dd><a name="IDX283"></a>
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265 <p>Specify the ‘<samp>Language</samp>’ field to be used in the header entry. See
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266 <a href="gettext_6.html#SEC52">Filling in the Header Entry</a> for the meaning of this field. Note: The
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267 ‘<samp>Language-Team</samp>’ and ‘<samp>Plural-Forms</samp>’ fields are left unchanged.
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268 If this option is not specified, the ‘<samp>Language</samp>’ field is inferred, as
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269 best as possible, from the ‘<samp>Language-Team</samp>’ field.
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270 </p>
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271 </dd>
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272 <dt> ‘<samp>--color</samp>’</dt>
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273 <dt> ‘<samp>--color=<var>when</var></samp>’</dt>
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274 <dd><a name="IDX284"></a>
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275 <p>Specify whether or when to use colors and other text attributes.
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276 See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC158">The <code>--color</code> option</a> for details.
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277 </p>
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278 </dd>
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279 <dt> ‘<samp>--style=<var>style_file</var></samp>’</dt>
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280 <dd><a name="IDX285"></a>
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281 <p>Specify the CSS style rule file to use for <code>--color</code>.
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282 See <a href="gettext_9.html#SEC160">The <code>--style</code> option</a> for details.
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283 </p>
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284 </dd>
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285 <dt> ‘<samp>--force-po</samp>’</dt>
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286 <dd><a name="IDX286"></a>
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287 <p>Always write an output file even if it contains no message.
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288 </p>
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289 </dd>
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290 <dt> ‘<samp>-i</samp>’</dt>
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291 <dt> ‘<samp>--indent</samp>’</dt>
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292 <dd><a name="IDX287"></a>
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293 <a name="IDX288"></a>
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294 <p>Write the .po file using indented style.
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295 </p>
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296 </dd>
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297 <dt> ‘<samp>--no-location</samp>’</dt>
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298 <dd><a name="IDX289"></a>
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299 <p>Do not write ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines.
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300 </p>
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301 </dd>
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302 <dt> ‘<samp>-n</samp>’</dt>
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303 <dt> ‘<samp>--add-location=<var>type</var></samp>’</dt>
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304 <dd><a name="IDX290"></a>
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305 <p>Generate ‘<samp>#: <var>filename</var>:<var>line</var></samp>’ lines (default).
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306 </p>
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307 <p>The optional <var>type</var> can be either ‘<samp>full</samp>’, ‘<samp>file</samp>’, or
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308 ‘<samp>never</samp>’. If it is not given or ‘<samp>full</samp>’, it generates the
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309 lines with both file name and line number. If it is ‘<samp>file</samp>’, the
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310 line number part is omitted. If it is ‘<samp>never</samp>’, it completely
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311 suppresses the lines (same as <code>--no-location</code>).
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312 </p>
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313 </dd>
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314 <dt> ‘<samp>--strict</samp>’</dt>
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315 <dd><a name="IDX291"></a>
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316 <p>Write out a strict Uniforum conforming PO file. Note that this
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317 Uniforum format should be avoided because it doesn't support the
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318 GNU extensions.
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319 </p>
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320 </dd>
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321 <dt> ‘<samp>-p</samp>’</dt>
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322 <dt> ‘<samp>--properties-output</samp>’</dt>
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323 <dd><a name="IDX292"></a>
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324 <a name="IDX293"></a>
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325 <p>Write out a Java ResourceBundle in Java <code>.properties</code> syntax. Note
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326 that this file format doesn't support plural forms and silently drops
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327 obsolete messages.
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328 </p>
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329 </dd>
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330 <dt> ‘<samp>--stringtable-output</samp>’</dt>
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331 <dd><a name="IDX294"></a>
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332 <p>Write out a NeXTstep/GNUstep localized resource file in <code>.strings</code> syntax.
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333 Note that this file format doesn't support plural forms.
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334 </p>
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335 </dd>
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336 <dt> ‘<samp>-w <var>number</var></samp>’</dt>
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337 <dt> ‘<samp>--width=<var>number</var></samp>’</dt>
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338 <dd><a name="IDX295"></a>
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339 <a name="IDX296"></a>
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340 <p>Set the output page width. Long strings in the output files will be
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341 split across multiple lines in order to ensure that each line's width
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342 (= number of screen columns) is less or equal to the given <var>number</var>.
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343 </p>
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344 </dd>
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345 <dt> ‘<samp>--no-wrap</samp>’</dt>
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346 <dd><a name="IDX297"></a>
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347 <p>Do not break long message lines. Message lines whose width exceeds the
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348 output page width will not be split into several lines. Only file reference
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349 lines which are wider than the output page width will be split.
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350 </p>
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351 </dd>
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352 <dt> ‘<samp>-s</samp>’</dt>
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353 <dt> ‘<samp>--sort-output</samp>’</dt>
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354 <dd><a name="IDX298"></a>
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355 <a name="IDX299"></a>
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356 <a name="IDX300"></a>
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357 <p>Generate sorted output. Note that using this option makes it much harder
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358 for the translator to understand each message's context.
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359 </p>
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360 </dd>
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361 <dt> ‘<samp>-F</samp>’</dt>
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362 <dt> ‘<samp>--sort-by-file</samp>’</dt>
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363 <dd><a name="IDX301"></a>
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364 <a name="IDX302"></a>
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365 <p>Sort output by file location.
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366 </p>
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367 </dd>
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368 </dl>
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369
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370
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371 <a name="SEC62"></a>
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372 <h3 class="subsection"> <a href="gettext_toc.html#TOC55">7.1.8 Informative output</a> </h3>
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373
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374 <dl compact="compact">
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375 <dt> ‘<samp>-h</samp>’</dt>
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376 <dt> ‘<samp>--help</samp>’</dt>
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377 <dd><a name="IDX303"></a>
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378 <a name="IDX304"></a>
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379 <p>Display this help and exit.
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380 </p>
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381 </dd>
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382 <dt> ‘<samp>-V</samp>’</dt>
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383 <dt> ‘<samp>--version</samp>’</dt>
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384 <dd><a name="IDX305"></a>
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385 <a name="IDX306"></a>
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386 <p>Output version information and exit.
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387 </p>
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388 </dd>
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389 <dt> ‘<samp>-v</samp>’</dt>
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390 <dt> ‘<samp>--verbose</samp>’</dt>
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391 <dd><a name="IDX307"></a>
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392 <a name="IDX308"></a>
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393 <p>Increase verbosity level.
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394 </p>
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395 </dd>
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396 <dt> ‘<samp>-q</samp>’</dt>
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397 <dt> ‘<samp>--quiet</samp>’</dt>
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398 <dt> ‘<samp>--silent</samp>’</dt>
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399 <dd><a name="IDX309"></a>
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400 <a name="IDX310"></a>
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401 <a name="IDX311"></a>
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402 <p>Suppress progress indicators.
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403 </p>
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404 </dd>
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405 </dl>
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406
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407
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408 <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" border="0">
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409 <tr><td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="#SEC53" title="Beginning of this chapter or previous chapter"> << </a>]</td>
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410 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_8.html#SEC63" title="Next chapter"> >> </a>]</td>
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411 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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412 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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413 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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414 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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415 <td valign="middle" align="left"> </td>
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416 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Top" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
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417 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
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418 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_21.html#SEC389" title="Index">Index</a>]</td>
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419 <td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="gettext_abt.html#SEC_About" title="About (help)"> ? </a>]</td>
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420 </tr></table>
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421 <p>
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422 <font size="-1">
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423 This document was generated by <em>Bruno Haible</em> on <em>February, 21 2024</em> using <a href="https://www.nongnu.org/texi2html/"><em>texi2html 1.78a</em></a>.
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424 </font>
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425 <br>
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426
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427 </p>
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428 </body>
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429 </html>
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