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1 This is autosprintf.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from
2 autosprintf.texi.
3
4 Copyright (C) 2002-2003, 2006-2007, 2018-2019 Free Software
5 Foundation, Inc.
6
7 This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the
8 GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this
9 manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice.
10
11 This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to copy,
12 distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
13 Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the License, or (at
14 your option) any later version published by the Free Software Foundation
15 (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Text, and with no
16 Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is at
17 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html>.
18
19 This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it and/or
20 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL),
21 either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version
22 published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). A copy of the license
23 is at <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
24 INFO-DIR-SECTION C++ libraries
25 START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
26 * autosprintf: (autosprintf). Support for printf format strings in C++.
27 END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
28
29 This file provides documentation for GNU 'autosprintf' library.
30
31 
32 File: autosprintf.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir)
33
34 GNU autosprintf
35 ***************
36
37 This manual documents the GNU autosprintf class, version 1.0.
38
39 * Menu:
40
41 * Introduction:: Introduction
42 * Class autosprintf:: The 'autosprintf' class
43 * Using autosprintf:: Using 'autosprintf' in own programs
44 * Licenses::
45
46 
47 File: autosprintf.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Class autosprintf, Prev: Top, Up: Top
48
49 1 Introduction
50 **************
51
52 This package makes the C formatted output routines ('fprintf' et al.)
53 usable in C++ programs, for use with the '<string>' strings and the
54 '<iostream>' streams.
55
56 It allows to write code like
57
58 cerr << autosprintf ("syntax error in %s:%d: %s", filename, line, errstring);
59
60 instead of
61
62 cerr << "syntax error in " << filename << ":" << line << ": " << errstring;
63
64 The benefits of the autosprintf syntax are:
65
66 * It reuses the standard POSIX printf facility. Easy migration from
67 C to C++.
68
69 * English sentences are kept together.
70
71 * It makes internationalization possible. Internationalization
72 requires format strings, because in some cases the translator needs
73 to change the order of a sentence, and more generally it is easier
74 for the translator to work with a single string for a sentence than
75 with multiple string pieces.
76
77 * It reduces the risk of programming errors due to forgotten state in
78 the output stream (e.g. 'cout << hex;' not followed by 'cout <<
79 dec;').
80
81 
82 File: autosprintf.info, Node: Class autosprintf, Next: Using autosprintf, Prev: Introduction, Up: Top
83
84 2 The 'autosprintf' class
85 *************************
86
87 An instance of class 'autosprintf' just contains a string with the
88 formatted output result. Such an instance is usually allocated as an
89 automatic storage variable, i.e. on the stack, not with 'new' on the
90 heap.
91
92 The constructor 'autosprintf (const char *format, ...)' takes a
93 format string and additional arguments, like the C function 'printf'.
94
95 Conversions to 'char *' and 'std::string' are defined that return the
96 encapsulated string. The conversion to 'char *' returns a freshly
97 allocated copy of the encapsulated string; it needs to be freed using
98 'delete[]'. The conversion to 'std::string' returns a copy of the
99 encapsulated string, with automatic memory management.
100
101 The destructor '~autosprintf ()' destroys the encapsulated string.
102
103 An 'operator <<' is provided that outputs the encapsulated string to
104 the given 'ostream'.
105
106 
107 File: autosprintf.info, Node: Using autosprintf, Next: Licenses, Prev: Class autosprintf, Up: Top
108
109 3 Using 'autosprintf' in own programs
110 *************************************
111
112 To use the 'autosprintf' class in your programs, you need to add
113
114 #include "autosprintf.h"
115 using gnu::autosprintf;
116
117 to your source code. The include file defines the class 'autosprintf',
118 in a namespace called 'gnu'. The 'using' statement makes it possible to
119 use the class without the (otherwise natural) 'gnu::' prefix.
120
121 When linking your program, you need to link with 'libasprintf',
122 because that's where the class is defined. In projects using GNU
123 'autoconf', this means adding 'AC_LIB_LINKFLAGS([asprintf])' to
124 'configure.in' or 'configure.ac', and using the @LIBASPRINTF@ Makefile
125 variable that it provides.
126
127 
128 File: autosprintf.info, Node: Licenses, Prev: Using autosprintf, Up: Top
129
130 Appendix A Licenses
131 *******************
132
133 The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in
134 each particular file or directory. Here is a summary:
135
136 * The 'libasprintf' library is covered by the GNU Lesser General
137 Public License (LGPL), either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
138 your option) any later version published by the Free Software
139 Foundation (FSF). A copy of the license is included in *note GNU
140 LGPL::.
141
142 * This manual is free documentation. It is dually licensed under the
143 GNU FDL and the GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this
144 manual under either of these two licenses, at your choice.
145 This manual is covered by the GNU FDL. Permission is granted to
146 copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the
147 GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), either version 1.2 of the
148 License, or (at your option) any later version published by the
149 Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no
150 Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the
151 license is included in *note GNU FDL::.
152 This manual is covered by the GNU GPL. You can redistribute it
153 and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
154 (GPL), either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
155 later version published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). A
156 copy of the license is included in *note GNU GPL::.
157
158 * Menu:
159
160 * GNU LGPL:: GNU Lesser General Public License
161 * GNU GPL:: GNU General Public License
162 * GNU FDL:: GNU Free Documentation License
163
164 
165 File: autosprintf.info, Node: GNU LGPL, Next: GNU GPL, Up: Licenses
166
167 A.1 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
168 =====================================
169
170 Version 2.1, February 1999
171
172 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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177
178 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
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180 version number 2.1.]
181
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632 INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
633 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
634 OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY
635 OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
636 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
637
638 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
639 ---------------------------
640
641 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
642 ----------------------------------------------
643
644 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
645 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
646 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
647 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of
648 the ordinary General Public License).
649
650 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.
651 It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
652 effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have
653 at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is
654 found.
655
656 ONE LINE TO GIVE THE LIBRARY'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
657 Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
658
659 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
660 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
661 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
662 your option) any later version.
663
664 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
665 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
666 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
667 Lesser General Public License for more details.
668
669 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
670 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
671 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
672 USA.
673
674 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
675 mail.
676
677 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
678 your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library,
679 if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
680
681 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library
682 `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
683
684 SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1990
685 Ty Coon, President of Vice
686
687 That's all there is to it!
688
689 
690 File: autosprintf.info, Node: GNU GPL, Next: GNU FDL, Prev: GNU LGPL, Up: Licenses
691
692 A.2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
693 ==============================
694
695 Version 2, June 1991
696
697 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
698 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
699
700 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
701 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
702
703 Preamble
704 ========
705
706 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
707 to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
708 intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
709 make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public
710 License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and
711 to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
712 Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
713 License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
714
715 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
716 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
717 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
718 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
719 you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
720 free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
721
722 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
723 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
724 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
725 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
726
727 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
728 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
729 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
730 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
731 rights.
732
733 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
734 and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
735 distribute and/or modify the software.
736
737 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
738 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
739 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
740 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
741 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
742 authors' reputations.
743
744 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
745 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
746 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
747 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
748 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
749
750 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
751 modification follow.
752
753 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
754 ===============================================================
755
756 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
757 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
758 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program",
759 below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the
760 Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
761 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
762 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
763 translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
764 included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
765 licensee is addressed as "you".
766
767 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
768 not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
769 of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
770 Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
771 the Program (independent of having been made by running the
772 Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
773
774 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
775 code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
776 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
777 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
778 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
779 warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
780 this License along with the Program.
781
782 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
783 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
784 for a fee.
785
786 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
787 it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
788 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
789 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
790
791 a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
792 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
793
794 b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
795 in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or
796 any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
797 all third parties under the terms of this License.
798
799 c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
800 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
801 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
802 an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
803 a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
804 provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
805 program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
806 view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
807 itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
808 announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
809 to print an announcement.)
810
811 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
812 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
813 Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
814 works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply
815 to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
816 when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
817 work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
818 the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees
819 extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
820 regardless of who wrote it.
821
822 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
823 contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
824 intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
825 derivative or collective works based on the Program.
826
827 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
828 Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
829 volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
830 work under the scope of this License.
831
832 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
833 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
834 of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
835 following:
836
837 a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
838 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
839 Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
840 software interchange; or,
841
842 b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
843 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
844 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
845 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
846 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
847 medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
848
849 c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
850 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
851 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
852 received the program in object code or executable form with
853 such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
854
855 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
856 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
857 source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
858 plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
859 used to control compilation and installation of the executable.
860 However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
861 not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source
862 or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so
863 on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless
864 that component itself accompanies the executable.
865
866 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
867 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
868 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
869 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
870 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
871
872 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
873 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
874 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
875 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
876 License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
877 from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
878 so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
879
880 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
881 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
882 or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions
883 are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
884 Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
885 based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
886 to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
887 distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
888
889 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
890 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
891 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject
892 to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
893 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
894 herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
895 parties to this License.
896
897 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
898 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
899 issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
900 agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
901 License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
902 License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
903 your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
904 obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
905 Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
906 royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
907 copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
908 could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
909 from distribution of the Program.
910
911 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
912 under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
913 intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
914 in other circumstances.
915
916 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
917 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
918 any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
919 the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
920 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
921 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
922 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
923 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
924 willing to distribute software through any other system and a
925 licensee cannot impose that choice.
926
927 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
928 to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
929
930 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
931 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
932 the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
933 License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
934 excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
935 in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
936 License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
937 this License.
938
939 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
940 versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
941 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
942 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
943
944 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
945 Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
946 it and "any later version", you have the option of following the
947 terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
948 published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
949 specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
950 version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
951
952 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
953 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
954 author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by
955 the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
956 Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision
957 will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
958 all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
959 and reuse of software generally.
960
961 NO WARRANTY
962
963 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
964 WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
965 LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
966 AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
967 OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
968 LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
969 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
970 PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
971 DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
972 OR CORRECTION.
973
974 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
975 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
976 MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
977 LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
978 INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
979 INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
980 DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
981 OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
982 OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
983 ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
984
985 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
986
987 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
988 =======================================================
989
990 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
991 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
992 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
993 terms.
994
995 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
996 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
997 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
998 "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
999
1000 ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
1001 Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR
1002
1003 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
1004 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
1005 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
1006 (at your option) any later version.
1007
1008 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
1009 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
1010 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
1011 GNU General Public License for more details.
1012
1013 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
1014 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
1015 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
1016
1017 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
1018 mail.
1019
1020 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
1021 this when it starts in an interactive mode:
1022
1023 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
1024 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
1025 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
1026 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
1027
1028 The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
1029 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
1030 commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
1031 c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
1032 program.
1033
1034 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
1035 your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
1036 if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
1037
1038 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
1039 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
1040
1041 SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
1042 Ty Coon, President of Vice
1043
1044 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
1045 program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
1046 library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
1047 applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
1048 GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.
1049
1050 
1051 File: autosprintf.info, Node: GNU FDL, Prev: GNU GPL, Up: Licenses
1052
1053 A.3 GNU Free Documentation License
1054 ==================================
1055
1056 Version 1.2, November 2002
1057
1058 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
1059 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
1060
1061 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
1062 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
1063
1064 0. PREAMBLE
1065
1066 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
1067 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
1068 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
1069 with or without modifying it, either commercially or
1070 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
1071 author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
1072 being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
1073
1074 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
1075 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
1076 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
1077 license designed for free software.
1078
1079 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
1080 free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
1081 free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
1082 that the software does. But this License is not limited to
1083 software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
1084 of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
1085 recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
1086 instruction or reference.
1087
1088 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
1089
1090 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
1091 that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
1092 be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
1093 grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
1094 to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
1095 "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
1096 of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
1097 the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
1098 requiring permission under copyright law.
1099
1100 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
1101 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
1102 modifications and/or translated into another language.
1103
1104 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
1105 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
1106 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
1107 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
1108 fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
1109 is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
1110 explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
1111 historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
1112 of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
1113 regarding them.
1114
1115 The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
1116 titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
1117 notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
1118 If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
1119 is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
1120 contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
1121 any Invariant Sections then there are none.
1122
1123 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
1124 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
1125 that says that the Document is released under this License. A
1126 Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
1127 be at most 25 words.
1128
1129 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
1130 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
1131 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
1132 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
1133 of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
1134 available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
1135 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
1136 suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
1137 Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
1138 been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
1139 readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
1140 used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
1141 "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
1142
1143 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
1144 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
1145 SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
1146 simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
1147 Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
1148 Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
1149 edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
1150 the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
1151 the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
1152 processors for output purposes only.
1153
1154 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
1155 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
1156 material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
1157 works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
1158 Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
1159 work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
1160
1161 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
1162 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
1163 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
1164 stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
1165 "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
1166 To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
1167 Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
1168 to this definition.
1169
1170 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
1171 which states that this License applies to the Document. These
1172 Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
1173 this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
1174 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
1175 has no effect on the meaning of this License.
1176
1177 2. VERBATIM COPYING
1178
1179 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
1180 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
1181 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
1182 applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
1183 add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
1184 may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
1185 or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
1186 you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
1187 distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
1188 conditions in section 3.
1189
1190 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
1191 and you may publicly display copies.
1192
1193 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
1194
1195 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
1196 have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
1197 the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
1198 enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
1199 these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
1200 Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
1201 and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
1202 front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
1203 equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
1204 covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
1205 long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
1206 conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
1207
1208 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
1209 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
1210 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
1211 adjacent pages.
1212
1213 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
1214 numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
1215 Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
1216 each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
1217 network-using public has access to download using public-standard
1218 network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
1219 of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
1220 reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
1221 copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
1222 remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
1223 year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
1224 through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
1225
1226 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
1227 the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
1228 to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
1229 Document.
1230
1231 4. MODIFICATIONS
1232
1233 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
1234 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
1235 release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
1236 Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
1237 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
1238 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
1239 the Modified Version:
1240
1241 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
1242 distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
1243 versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
1244 History section of the Document). You may use the same title
1245 as a previous version if the original publisher of that
1246 version gives permission.
1247
1248 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
1249 entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
1250 the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
1251 principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
1252 authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
1253 from this requirement.
1254
1255 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
1256 Modified Version, as the publisher.
1257
1258 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
1259
1260 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
1261 adjacent to the other copyright notices.
1262
1263 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
1264 notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
1265 Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
1266 the Addendum below.
1267
1268 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
1269 Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
1270 license notice.
1271
1272 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
1273
1274 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
1275 and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
1276 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
1277 Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
1278 Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
1279 publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
1280 an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
1281 previous sentence.
1282
1283 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
1284 for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
1285 likewise the network locations given in the Document for
1286 previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
1287 "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
1288 that was published at least four years before the Document
1289 itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
1290 to gives permission.
1291
1292 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
1293 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
1294 all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
1295 acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
1296
1297 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
1298 in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
1299 equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1300
1301 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
1302 may not be included in the Modified Version.
1303
1304 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
1305 "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
1306 Section.
1307
1308 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1309
1310 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1311 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
1312 material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
1313 some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
1314 titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
1315 license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
1316 section titles.
1317
1318 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
1319 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1320 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
1321 has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
1322 definition of a standard.
1323
1324 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
1325 and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
1326 the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
1327 of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1328 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
1329 already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
1330 by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
1331 behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
1332 one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
1333 the old one.
1334
1335 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
1336 License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
1337 assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1338
1339 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1340
1341 You may combine the Document with other documents released under
1342 this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
1343 modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
1344 of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
1345 unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
1346 combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
1347 their Warranty Disclaimers.
1348
1349 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1350 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1351 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
1352 but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
1353 by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
1354 original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
1355 unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
1356 the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
1357 combined work.
1358
1359 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
1360 "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
1361 Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
1362 "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
1363 must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
1364
1365 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1366
1367 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
1368 documents released under this License, and replace the individual
1369 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
1370 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
1371 rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
1372 in all other respects.
1373
1374 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
1375 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
1376 a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
1377 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
1378 document.
1379
1380 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1381
1382 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
1383 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
1384 storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
1385 copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
1386 legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
1387 works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
1388 License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
1389 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
1390
1391 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1392 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
1393 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
1394 on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1395 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
1396 form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
1397 the whole aggregate.
1398
1399 8. TRANSLATION
1400
1401 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1402 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
1403 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1404 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1405 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1406 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1407 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1408 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
1409 include the original English version of this License and the
1410 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
1411 disagreement between the translation and the original version of
1412 this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
1413 prevail.
1414
1415 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
1416 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
1417 Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
1418 actual title.
1419
1420 9. TERMINATION
1421
1422 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
1423 except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
1424 attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
1425 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
1426 License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
1427 from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
1428 so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
1429
1430 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1431
1432 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
1433 the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
1434 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
1435 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1436 <https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
1437
1438 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
1439 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
1440 version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
1441 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
1442 that specified version or of any later version that has been
1443 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
1444 Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
1445 choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
1446 Software Foundation.
1447
1448 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
1449 ====================================================
1450
1451 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1452 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
1453 notices just after the title page:
1454
1455 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
1456 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1457 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
1458 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1459 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
1460 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
1461 Free Documentation License''.
1462
1463 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
1464 Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
1465
1466 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
1467 the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
1468 being LIST.
1469
1470 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1471 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1472 situation.
1473
1474 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1475 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
1476 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
1477 their use in free software.
1478
1479
1480 
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1483 Node: Introduction1717
1484 Node: Class autosprintf2873
1485 Node: Using autosprintf3887
1486 Node: Licenses4702
1487 Node: GNU LGPL6447
1488 Node: GNU GPL34574
1489 Node: GNU FDL53833
1490 
1491 End Tag Table
1492
1493 
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1495 coding: utf-8
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