jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: GNU gettext utilities: A. Language Codes jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
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jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

A. Language Codes

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

The ISO 639 standard defines two-letter codes for many languages, and jpayne@68: three-letter codes for more rarely used languages. jpayne@68: All abbreviations for languages used in the Translation Project should jpayne@68: come from this standard. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

A.1 Usual Language Codes

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

For the commonly used languages, the ISO 639-1 standard defines two-letter jpayne@68: codes. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
jpayne@68:
‘aa’
jpayne@68:

Afar. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ab’
jpayne@68:

Abkhazian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ae’
jpayne@68:

Avestan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘af’
jpayne@68:

Afrikaans. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ak’
jpayne@68:

Akan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘am’
jpayne@68:

Amharic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘an’
jpayne@68:

Aragonese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ar’
jpayne@68:

Arabic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘as’
jpayne@68:

Assamese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘av’
jpayne@68:

Avaric. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ay’
jpayne@68:

Aymara. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘az’
jpayne@68:

Azerbaijani. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ba’
jpayne@68:

Bashkir. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘be’
jpayne@68:

Belarusian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bg’
jpayne@68:

Bulgarian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bh’
jpayne@68:

Bihari languages. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bi’
jpayne@68:

Bislama. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bm’
jpayne@68:

Bambara. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bn’
jpayne@68:

Bengali. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bo’
jpayne@68:

Tibetan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘br’
jpayne@68:

Breton. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bs’
jpayne@68:

Bosnian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ca’
jpayne@68:

Catalan; Valencian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ce’
jpayne@68:

Chechen. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ch’
jpayne@68:

Chamorro. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘co’
jpayne@68:

Corsican. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘cr’
jpayne@68:

Cree. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘cs’
jpayne@68:

Czech. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘cu’
jpayne@68:

Church Slavic; Old Slavonic; Church Slavonic; Old Bulgarian; Old Church Slavonic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘cv’
jpayne@68:

Chuvash. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘cy’
jpayne@68:

Welsh. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘da’
jpayne@68:

Danish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘de’
jpayne@68:

German. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘dv’
jpayne@68:

Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘dz’
jpayne@68:

Dzongkha. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ee’
jpayne@68:

Ewe. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘el’
jpayne@68:

Greek, Modern (1453-). jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘en’
jpayne@68:

English. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘eo’
jpayne@68:

Esperanto. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘es’
jpayne@68:

Spanish; Castilian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘et’
jpayne@68:

Estonian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘eu’
jpayne@68:

Basque. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fa’
jpayne@68:

Persian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ff’
jpayne@68:

Fulah. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fi’
jpayne@68:

Finnish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fj’
jpayne@68:

Fijian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fo’
jpayne@68:

Faroese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fr’
jpayne@68:

French. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fy’
jpayne@68:

Western Frisian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ga’
jpayne@68:

Irish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gd’
jpayne@68:

Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gl’
jpayne@68:

Galician. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gn’
jpayne@68:

Guarani. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gu’
jpayne@68:

Gujarati. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gv’
jpayne@68:

Manx. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ha’
jpayne@68:

Hausa. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘he’
jpayne@68:

Hebrew. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hi’
jpayne@68:

Hindi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ho’
jpayne@68:

Hiri Motu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hr’
jpayne@68:

Croatian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ht’
jpayne@68:

Haitian; Haitian Creole. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hu’
jpayne@68:

Hungarian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hy’
jpayne@68:

Armenian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hz’
jpayne@68:

Herero. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ia’
jpayne@68:

Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association). jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘id’
jpayne@68:

Indonesian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ie’
jpayne@68:

Interlingue; Occidental. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ig’
jpayne@68:

Igbo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ii’
jpayne@68:

Sichuan Yi; Nuosu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ik’
jpayne@68:

Inupiak. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘io’
jpayne@68:

Ido. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘is’
jpayne@68:

Icelandic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘it’
jpayne@68:

Italian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘iu’
jpayne@68:

Inuktitut. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ja’
jpayne@68:

Japanese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘jv’
jpayne@68:

Javanese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ka’
jpayne@68:

Georgian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kg’
jpayne@68:

Kongo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ki’
jpayne@68:

Kikuyu; Gikuyu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kj’
jpayne@68:

Kuanyama; Kwanyama. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kk’
jpayne@68:

Kazakh. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kl’
jpayne@68:

Kalaallisut; Greenlandic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘km’
jpayne@68:

Central Khmer. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kn’
jpayne@68:

Kannada. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ko’
jpayne@68:

Korean. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kr’
jpayne@68:

Kanuri. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ks’
jpayne@68:

Kashmiri. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ku’
jpayne@68:

Kurdish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kv’
jpayne@68:

Komi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kw’
jpayne@68:

Cornish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ky’
jpayne@68:

Kirghiz; Kyrgyz. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘la’
jpayne@68:

Latin. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lb’
jpayne@68:

Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lg’
jpayne@68:

Ganda. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘li’
jpayne@68:

Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ln’
jpayne@68:

Lingala. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lo’
jpayne@68:

Lao. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lt’
jpayne@68:

Lithuanian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lu’
jpayne@68:

Luba-Katanga. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lv’
jpayne@68:

Latvian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mg’
jpayne@68:

Malagasy. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mh’
jpayne@68:

Marshallese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mi’
jpayne@68:

Maori. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mk’
jpayne@68:

Macedonian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ml’
jpayne@68:

Malayalam. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mn’
jpayne@68:

Mongolian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mr’
jpayne@68:

Marathi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ms’
jpayne@68:

Malay. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mt’
jpayne@68:

Maltese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘my’
jpayne@68:

Burmese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘na’
jpayne@68:

Nauru. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nb’
jpayne@68:

Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nd’
jpayne@68:

Ndebele, North; North Ndebele. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ne’
jpayne@68:

Nepali. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ng’
jpayne@68:

Ndonga. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nl’
jpayne@68:

Dutch; Flemish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nn’
jpayne@68:

Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘no’
jpayne@68:

Norwegian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nr’
jpayne@68:

Ndebele, South; South Ndebele. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nv’
jpayne@68:

Navajo; Navaho. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ny’
jpayne@68:

Chichewa; Nyanja. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘oc’
jpayne@68:

Occitan (post 1500); Provençal. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘oj’
jpayne@68:

Ojibwa. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘om’
jpayne@68:

Oromo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘or’
jpayne@68:

Oriya. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘os’
jpayne@68:

Ossetian; Ossetic. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pa’
jpayne@68:

Panjabi; Punjabi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pi’
jpayne@68:

Pali. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pl’
jpayne@68:

Polish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ps’
jpayne@68:

Pushto; Pashto. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pt’
jpayne@68:

Portuguese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘qu’
jpayne@68:

Quechua. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘rm’
jpayne@68:

Romansh. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘rn’
jpayne@68:

Rundi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ro’
jpayne@68:

Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ru’
jpayne@68:

Russian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘rw’
jpayne@68:

Kinyarwanda. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sa’
jpayne@68:

Sanskrit. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sc’
jpayne@68:

Sardinian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sd’
jpayne@68:

Sindhi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘se’
jpayne@68:

Northern Sami. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sg’
jpayne@68:

Sango. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘si’
jpayne@68:

Sinhala; Sinhalese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sk’
jpayne@68:

Slovak. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sl’
jpayne@68:

Slovenian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sm’
jpayne@68:

Samoan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sn’
jpayne@68:

Shona. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘so’
jpayne@68:

Somali. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sq’
jpayne@68:

Albanian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sr’
jpayne@68:

Serbian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ss’
jpayne@68:

Swati. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘st’
jpayne@68:

Sotho, Southern. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘su’
jpayne@68:

Sundanese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sv’
jpayne@68:

Swedish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sw’
jpayne@68:

Swahili. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ta’
jpayne@68:

Tamil. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘te’
jpayne@68:

Telugu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tg’
jpayne@68:

Tajik. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘th’
jpayne@68:

Thai. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ti’
jpayne@68:

Tigrinya. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tk’
jpayne@68:

Turkmen. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tl’
jpayne@68:

Tagalog. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tn’
jpayne@68:

Tswana. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘to’
jpayne@68:

Tonga (Tonga Islands). jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tr’
jpayne@68:

Turkish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ts’
jpayne@68:

Tsonga. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tt’
jpayne@68:

Tatar. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tw’
jpayne@68:

Twi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ty’
jpayne@68:

Tahitian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ug’
jpayne@68:

Uighur; Uyghur. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘uk’
jpayne@68:

Ukrainian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ur’
jpayne@68:

Urdu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘uz’
jpayne@68:

Uzbek. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ve’
jpayne@68:

Venda. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘vi’
jpayne@68:

Vietnamese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘vo’
jpayne@68:

Volapük. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘wa’
jpayne@68:

Walloon. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘wo’
jpayne@68:

Wolof. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘xh’
jpayne@68:

Xhosa. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘yi’
jpayne@68:

Yiddish. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘yo’
jpayne@68:

Yoruba. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘za’
jpayne@68:

Zhuang; Chuang. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘zh’
jpayne@68:

Chinese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘zu’
jpayne@68:

Zulu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

A.2 Rare Language Codes

jpayne@68: jpayne@68:

For rarely used languages, the ISO 639-2 standard defines three-letter jpayne@68: codes. Here is the current list, reduced to only living languages with at least jpayne@68: one million of speakers. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
jpayne@68:
‘ace’
jpayne@68:

Achinese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘awa’
jpayne@68:

Awadhi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bal’
jpayne@68:

Baluchi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ban’
jpayne@68:

Balinese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bej’
jpayne@68:

Beja; Bedawiyet. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bem’
jpayne@68:

Bemba. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bho’
jpayne@68:

Bhojpuri. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bik’
jpayne@68:

Bikol. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bin’
jpayne@68:

Bini; Edo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘bug’
jpayne@68:

Buginese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ceb’
jpayne@68:

Cebuano. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘din’
jpayne@68:

Dinka. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘doi’
jpayne@68:

Dogri. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fil’
jpayne@68:

Filipino; Pilipino. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘fon’
jpayne@68:

Fon. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gon’
jpayne@68:

Gondi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘gsw’
jpayne@68:

Swiss German; Alemannic; Alsatian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hil’
jpayne@68:

Hiligaynon. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘hmn’
jpayne@68:

Hmong. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘ilo’
jpayne@68:

Iloko. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kab’
jpayne@68:

Kabyle. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kam’
jpayne@68:

Kamba. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kbd’
jpayne@68:

Kabardian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kmb’
jpayne@68:

Kimbundu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kok’
jpayne@68:

Konkani. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘kru’
jpayne@68:

Kurukh. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘lua’
jpayne@68:

Luba-Lulua. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘luo’
jpayne@68:

Luo (Kenya and Tanzania). jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mad’
jpayne@68:

Madurese. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mag’
jpayne@68:

Magahi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mai’
jpayne@68:

Maithili. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mak’
jpayne@68:

Makasar. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘man’
jpayne@68:

Mandingo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘men’
jpayne@68:

Mende. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘min’
jpayne@68:

Minangkabau. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mni’
jpayne@68:

Manipuri. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mos’
jpayne@68:

Mossi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘mwr’
jpayne@68:

Marwari. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nap’
jpayne@68:

Neapolitan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nso’
jpayne@68:

Pedi; Sepedi; Northern Sotho. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nym’
jpayne@68:

Nyamwezi. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘nyn’
jpayne@68:

Nyankole. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pag’
jpayne@68:

Pangasinan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘pam’
jpayne@68:

Pampanga; Kapampangan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘raj’
jpayne@68:

Rajasthani. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sas’
jpayne@68:

Sasak. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sat’
jpayne@68:

Santali. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘scn’
jpayne@68:

Sicilian. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘shn’
jpayne@68:

Shan. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sid’
jpayne@68:

Sidamo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘srr’
jpayne@68:

Serer. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘suk’
jpayne@68:

Sukuma. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘sus’
jpayne@68:

Susu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tem’
jpayne@68:

Timne. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tiv’
jpayne@68:

Tiv. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘tum’
jpayne@68:

Tumbuka. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘umb’
jpayne@68:

Umbundu. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘wal’
jpayne@68:

Walamo. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘war’
jpayne@68:

Waray. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
‘yao’
jpayne@68:

Yao. jpayne@68:

jpayne@68:
jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68: jpayne@68:
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