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1 // Copyright (c) 2013-2014 Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. and contributors
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2 // Licensed under the MIT License:
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3 //
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4 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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5 // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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6 // in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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7 // to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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8 // copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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9 // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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10 //
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11 // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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12 // all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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13 //
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14 // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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15 // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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16 // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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17 // AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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18 // LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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19 // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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20 // THE SOFTWARE.
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21
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22 // This file defines a notion of tuples that is simpler than `std::tuple`. It works as follows:
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23 // - `kj::Tuple<A, B, C> is the type of a tuple of an A, a B, and a C.
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24 // - `kj::tuple(a, b, c)` returns a tuple containing a, b, and c. If any of these are themselves
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25 // tuples, they are flattened, so `tuple(a, tuple(b, c), d)` is equivalent to `tuple(a, b, c, d)`.
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26 // - `kj::get<n>(myTuple)` returns the element of `myTuple` at index n.
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27 // - `kj::apply(func, ...)` calls func on the following arguments after first expanding any tuples
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28 // in the argument list. So `kj::apply(foo, a, tuple(b, c), d)` would call `foo(a, b, c, d)`.
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29 //
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30 // Note that:
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31 // - The type `Tuple<T>` is a synonym for T. This is why `get` and `apply` are not members of the
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32 // type.
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33 // - It is illegal for an element of `Tuple` to itself be a tuple, as tuples are meant to be
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34 // flattened.
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35 // - It is illegal for an element of `Tuple` to be a reference, due to problems this would cause
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36 // with type inference and `tuple()`.
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37
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38 #pragma once
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39
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40 #include "common.h"
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41
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42 KJ_BEGIN_HEADER
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43
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44 namespace kj {
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45 namespace _ { // private
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46
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47 template <size_t index, typename... T>
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48 struct TypeByIndex_;
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49 template <typename First, typename... Rest>
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50 struct TypeByIndex_<0, First, Rest...> {
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51 typedef First Type;
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52 };
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53 template <size_t index, typename First, typename... Rest>
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54 struct TypeByIndex_<index, First, Rest...>
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55 : public TypeByIndex_<index - 1, Rest...> {};
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56 template <size_t index>
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57 struct TypeByIndex_<index> {
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58 static_assert(index != index, "Index out-of-range.");
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59 };
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60 template <size_t index, typename... T>
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61 using TypeByIndex = typename TypeByIndex_<index, T...>::Type;
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62 // Chose a particular type out of a list of types, by index.
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63
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64 template <size_t... s>
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65 struct Indexes {};
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66 // Dummy helper type that just encapsulates a sequential list of indexes, so that we can match
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67 // templates against them and unpack them with '...'.
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68
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69 template <size_t end, size_t... prefix>
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70 struct MakeIndexes_: public MakeIndexes_<end - 1, end - 1, prefix...> {};
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71 template <size_t... prefix>
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72 struct MakeIndexes_<0, prefix...> {
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73 typedef Indexes<prefix...> Type;
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74 };
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75 template <size_t end>
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76 using MakeIndexes = typename MakeIndexes_<end>::Type;
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77 // Equivalent to Indexes<0, 1, 2, ..., end>.
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78
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79 template <typename... T>
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80 class Tuple;
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81 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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82 inline TypeByIndex<index, U...>& getImpl(Tuple<U...>& tuple);
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83 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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84 inline TypeByIndex<index, U...>&& getImpl(Tuple<U...>&& tuple);
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85 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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86 inline const TypeByIndex<index, U...>& getImpl(const Tuple<U...>& tuple);
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87
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88 template <uint index, typename T>
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89 struct TupleElement {
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90 // Encapsulates one element of a tuple. The actual tuple implementation multiply-inherits
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91 // from a TupleElement for each element, which is more efficient than a recursive definition.
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92
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93 T value;
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94 TupleElement() = default;
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95 constexpr inline TupleElement(const T& value): value(value) {}
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96 constexpr inline TupleElement(T&& value): value(kj::mv(value)) {}
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97 };
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98
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99 template <uint index, typename T>
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100 struct TupleElement<index, T&> {
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101 // A tuple containing references can be constructed using refTuple().
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102
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103 T& value;
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104 constexpr inline TupleElement(T& value): value(value) {}
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105 };
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106
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107 template <uint index, typename... T>
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108 struct TupleElement<index, Tuple<T...>> {
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109 static_assert(sizeof(Tuple<T...>*) == 0,
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110 "Tuples cannot contain other tuples -- they should be flattened.");
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111 };
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112
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113 template <typename Indexes, typename... Types>
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114 struct TupleImpl;
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115
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116 template <size_t... indexes, typename... Types>
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117 struct TupleImpl<Indexes<indexes...>, Types...>
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118 : public TupleElement<indexes, Types>... {
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119 // Implementation of Tuple. The only reason we need this rather than rolling this into class
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120 // Tuple (below) is so that we can get "indexes" as an unpackable list.
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121
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122 static_assert(sizeof...(indexes) == sizeof...(Types), "Incorrect use of TupleImpl.");
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123
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124 TupleImpl() = default;
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125
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126 template <typename... Params>
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127 inline TupleImpl(Params&&... params)
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128 : TupleElement<indexes, Types>(kj::fwd<Params>(params))... {
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129 // Work around Clang 3.2 bug 16303 where this is not detected. (Unfortunately, Clang sometimes
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130 // segfaults instead.)
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131 static_assert(sizeof...(params) == sizeof...(indexes),
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132 "Wrong number of parameters to Tuple constructor.");
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133 }
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134
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135 template <typename... U>
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136 constexpr inline TupleImpl(Tuple<U...>&& other)
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137 : TupleElement<indexes, Types>(kj::fwd<U>(getImpl<indexes>(other)))... {}
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138 template <typename... U>
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139 constexpr inline TupleImpl(Tuple<U...>& other)
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140 : TupleElement<indexes, Types>(getImpl<indexes>(other))... {}
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141 template <typename... U>
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142 constexpr inline TupleImpl(const Tuple<U...>& other)
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143 : TupleElement<indexes, Types>(getImpl<indexes>(other))... {}
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144 };
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145
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146 struct MakeTupleFunc;
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147 struct MakeRefTupleFunc;
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148
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149 template <typename... T>
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150 class Tuple {
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151 // The actual Tuple class (used for tuples of size other than 1).
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152
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153 public:
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154 Tuple() = default;
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155
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156 template <typename... U>
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157 constexpr inline Tuple(Tuple<U...>&& other): impl(kj::mv(other)) {}
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158 template <typename... U>
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159 constexpr inline Tuple(Tuple<U...>& other): impl(other) {}
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160 template <typename... U>
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161 constexpr inline Tuple(const Tuple<U...>& other): impl(other) {}
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162
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163 private:
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164 template <typename... Params>
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165 constexpr Tuple(Params&&... params): impl(kj::fwd<Params>(params)...) {}
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166
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167 TupleImpl<MakeIndexes<sizeof...(T)>, T...> impl;
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168
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169 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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170 friend inline TypeByIndex<index, U...>& getImpl(Tuple<U...>& tuple);
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171 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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172 friend inline TypeByIndex<index, U...>&& getImpl(Tuple<U...>&& tuple);
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173 template <size_t index, typename... U>
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174 friend inline const TypeByIndex<index, U...>& getImpl(const Tuple<U...>& tuple);
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175 friend struct MakeTupleFunc;
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176 friend struct MakeRefTupleFunc;
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177 };
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178
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179 template <>
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180 class Tuple<> {
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181 // Simplified zero-member version of Tuple. In particular this is important to make sure that
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182 // Tuple<>() is constexpr.
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183 };
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184
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185 template <typename T>
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186 class Tuple<T>;
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187 // Single-element tuple should never be used. The public API should ensure this.
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188
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189 template <size_t index, typename... T>
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190 inline TypeByIndex<index, T...>& getImpl(Tuple<T...>& tuple) {
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191 // Get member of a Tuple by index, e.g. `get<2>(myTuple)`.
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192 static_assert(index < sizeof...(T), "Tuple element index out-of-bounds.");
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193 return implicitCast<TupleElement<index, TypeByIndex<index, T...>>&>(tuple.impl).value;
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194 }
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195 template <size_t index, typename... T>
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196 inline TypeByIndex<index, T...>&& getImpl(Tuple<T...>&& tuple) {
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197 // Get member of a Tuple by index, e.g. `get<2>(myTuple)`.
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198 static_assert(index < sizeof...(T), "Tuple element index out-of-bounds.");
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199 return kj::mv(implicitCast<TupleElement<index, TypeByIndex<index, T...>>&>(tuple.impl).value);
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200 }
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201 template <size_t index, typename... T>
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202 inline const TypeByIndex<index, T...>& getImpl(const Tuple<T...>& tuple) {
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203 // Get member of a Tuple by index, e.g. `get<2>(myTuple)`.
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204 static_assert(index < sizeof...(T), "Tuple element index out-of-bounds.");
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205 return implicitCast<const TupleElement<index, TypeByIndex<index, T...>>&>(tuple.impl).value;
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206 }
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207 template <size_t index, typename T>
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208 inline T&& getImpl(T&& value) {
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209 // Get member of a Tuple by index, e.g. `getImpl<2>(myTuple)`.
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210
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211 // Non-tuples are equivalent to one-element tuples.
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212 static_assert(index == 0, "Tuple element index out-of-bounds.");
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213 return kj::fwd<T>(value);
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214 }
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215
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216
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217 template <typename Func, typename SoFar, typename... T>
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218 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_;
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219 // Template which computes the return type of applying Func to T... after flattening tuples.
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220 // SoFar starts as Tuple<> and accumulates the flattened parameter types -- so after this template
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221 // is recursively expanded, T... is empty and SoFar is a Tuple containing all the parameters.
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222
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223 template <typename Func, typename First, typename... Rest, typename... T>
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224 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, First, Rest...>
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225 : public ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T..., First>, Rest...> {};
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226 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest, typename... T>
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227 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, Tuple<FirstTypes...>, Rest...>
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228 : public ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, FirstTypes&&..., Rest...> {};
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229 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest, typename... T>
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230 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, Tuple<FirstTypes...>&, Rest...>
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231 : public ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, FirstTypes&..., Rest...> {};
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232 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest, typename... T>
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233 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, const Tuple<FirstTypes...>&, Rest...>
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234 : public ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>, const FirstTypes&..., Rest...> {};
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235 template <typename Func, typename... T>
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236 struct ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<T...>> {
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237 typedef decltype(instance<Func>()(instance<T&&>()...)) Type;
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238 };
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239 template <typename Func, typename... T>
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240 using ExpandAndApplyResult = typename ExpandAndApplyResult_<Func, Tuple<>, T...>::Type;
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241 // Computes the expected return type of `expandAndApply()`.
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242
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243 template <typename Func>
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244 inline auto expandAndApply(Func&& func) -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func> {
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245 return func();
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246 }
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247
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248 template <typename Func, typename First, typename... Rest>
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249 struct ExpandAndApplyFunc {
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250 Func&& func;
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251 First&& first;
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252 ExpandAndApplyFunc(Func&& func, First&& first)
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253 : func(kj::fwd<Func>(func)), first(kj::fwd<First>(first)) {}
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254 template <typename... T>
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255 auto operator()(T&&... params)
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256 -> decltype(this->func(kj::fwd<First>(first), kj::fwd<T>(params)...)) {
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257 return this->func(kj::fwd<First>(first), kj::fwd<T>(params)...);
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258 }
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259 };
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260
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261 template <typename Func, typename First, typename... Rest>
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262 inline auto expandAndApply(Func&& func, First&& first, Rest&&... rest)
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263 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, First, Rest...> {
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264
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265 return expandAndApply(
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266 ExpandAndApplyFunc<Func, First, Rest...>(kj::fwd<Func>(func), kj::fwd<First>(first)),
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267 kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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268 }
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269
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270 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest>
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271 inline auto expandAndApply(Func&& func, Tuple<FirstTypes...>&& first, Rest&&... rest)
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272 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, FirstTypes&&..., Rest...> {
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273 return expandAndApplyWithIndexes(MakeIndexes<sizeof...(FirstTypes)>(),
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274 kj::fwd<Func>(func), kj::mv(first), kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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275 }
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276
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277 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest>
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278 inline auto expandAndApply(Func&& func, Tuple<FirstTypes...>& first, Rest&&... rest)
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279 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, FirstTypes..., Rest...> {
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280 return expandAndApplyWithIndexes(MakeIndexes<sizeof...(FirstTypes)>(),
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281 kj::fwd<Func>(func), first, kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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282 }
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283
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284 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest>
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285 inline auto expandAndApply(Func&& func, const Tuple<FirstTypes...>& first, Rest&&... rest)
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286 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, FirstTypes..., Rest...> {
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287 return expandAndApplyWithIndexes(MakeIndexes<sizeof...(FirstTypes)>(),
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288 kj::fwd<Func>(func), first, kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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289 }
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290
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291 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest, size_t... indexes>
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292 inline auto expandAndApplyWithIndexes(
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293 Indexes<indexes...>, Func&& func, Tuple<FirstTypes...>&& first, Rest&&... rest)
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294 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, FirstTypes&&..., Rest...> {
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295 return expandAndApply(kj::fwd<Func>(func), kj::mv(getImpl<indexes>(first))...,
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296 kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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297 }
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298
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299 template <typename Func, typename... FirstTypes, typename... Rest, size_t... indexes>
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300 inline auto expandAndApplyWithIndexes(
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301 Indexes<indexes...>, Func&& func, const Tuple<FirstTypes...>& first, Rest&&... rest)
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302 -> ExpandAndApplyResult<Func, FirstTypes..., Rest...> {
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303 return expandAndApply(kj::fwd<Func>(func), getImpl<indexes>(first)...,
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304 kj::fwd<Rest>(rest)...);
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305 }
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306
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307 struct MakeTupleFunc {
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308 template <typename... Params>
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309 Tuple<Decay<Params>...> operator()(Params&&... params) {
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310 return Tuple<Decay<Params>...>(kj::fwd<Params>(params)...);
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311 }
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312 template <typename Param>
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313 Decay<Param> operator()(Param&& param) {
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314 return kj::fwd<Param>(param);
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315 }
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316 };
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317
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318 struct MakeRefTupleFunc {
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319 template <typename... Params>
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320 Tuple<Params...> operator()(Params&&... params) {
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321 return Tuple<Params...>(kj::fwd<Params>(params)...);
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322 }
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323 template <typename Param>
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324 Param operator()(Param&& param) {
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325 return kj::fwd<Param>(param);
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326 }
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327 };
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328
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329 } // namespace _ (private)
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330
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331 template <typename... T> struct Tuple_ { typedef _::Tuple<T...> Type; };
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332 template <typename T> struct Tuple_<T> { typedef T Type; };
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333
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334 template <typename... T> using Tuple = typename Tuple_<T...>::Type;
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335 // Tuple type. `Tuple<T>` (i.e. a single-element tuple) is a synonym for `T`. Tuples of size
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336 // other than 1 expand to an internal type. Either way, you can construct a Tuple using
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337 // `kj::tuple(...)`, get an element by index `i` using `kj::get<i>(myTuple)`, and expand the tuple
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338 // as arguments to a function using `kj::apply(func, myTuple)`.
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339 //
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340 // Tuples are always flat -- that is, no element of a Tuple is ever itself a Tuple. If you
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341 // construct a tuple from other tuples, the elements are flattened and concatenated.
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342
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343 template <typename... Params>
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344 inline auto tuple(Params&&... params)
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345 -> decltype(_::expandAndApply(_::MakeTupleFunc(), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...)) {
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346 // Construct a new tuple from the given values. Any tuples in the argument list will be
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347 // flattened into the result.
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348 return _::expandAndApply(_::MakeTupleFunc(), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...);
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349 }
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350
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351 template <typename... Params>
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352 inline auto refTuple(Params&&... params)
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353 -> decltype(_::expandAndApply(_::MakeRefTupleFunc(), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...)) {
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354 // Like tuple(), but if the params include lvalue references, they will be captured as
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355 // references. rvalue references will still be captured as whole values (moved).
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356 return _::expandAndApply(_::MakeRefTupleFunc(), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...);
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357 }
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358
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359 template <size_t index, typename Tuple>
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360 inline auto get(Tuple&& tuple) -> decltype(_::getImpl<index>(kj::fwd<Tuple>(tuple))) {
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361 // Unpack and return the tuple element at the given index. The index is specified as a template
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362 // parameter, e.g. `kj::get<3>(myTuple)`.
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363 return _::getImpl<index>(kj::fwd<Tuple>(tuple));
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364 }
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365
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366 template <typename Func, typename... Params>
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367 inline auto apply(Func&& func, Params&&... params)
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368 -> decltype(_::expandAndApply(kj::fwd<Func>(func), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...)) {
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369 // Apply a function to some arguments, expanding tuples into separate arguments.
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370 return _::expandAndApply(kj::fwd<Func>(func), kj::fwd<Params>(params)...);
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371 }
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372
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373 template <typename T> struct TupleSize_ { static constexpr size_t size = 1; };
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374 template <typename... T> struct TupleSize_<_::Tuple<T...>> {
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375 static constexpr size_t size = sizeof...(T);
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376 };
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377
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378 template <typename T>
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379 constexpr size_t tupleSize() { return TupleSize_<T>::size; }
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380 // Returns size of the tuple T.
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381
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382 template <typename T, typename Tuple>
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383 struct IndexOfType_;
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384 template <typename T, typename Tuple>
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385 struct HasType_ {
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386 static constexpr bool value = false;
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387 };
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388
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389 template <typename T>
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390 struct IndexOfType_<T, T> {
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391 static constexpr size_t value = 0;
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392 };
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393 template <typename T>
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394 struct HasType_<T, T> {
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395 static constexpr bool value = true;
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396 };
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397
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398 template <typename T, typename... U>
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399 struct IndexOfType_<T, _::Tuple<T, U...>> {
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400 static constexpr size_t value = 0;
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401 static_assert(!HasType_<T, _::Tuple<U...>>::value,
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402 "requested type appears multiple times in tuple");
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403 };
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404 template <typename T, typename... U>
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405 struct HasType_<T, _::Tuple<T, U...>> {
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406 static constexpr bool value = true;
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407 };
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408
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409 template <typename T, typename U, typename... V>
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410 struct IndexOfType_<T, _::Tuple<U, V...>> {
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411 static constexpr size_t value = IndexOfType_<T, _::Tuple<V...>>::value + 1;
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412 };
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413 template <typename T, typename U, typename... V>
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414 struct HasType_<T, _::Tuple<U, V...>> {
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415 static constexpr bool value = HasType_<T, _::Tuple<V...>>::value;
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416 };
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417
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418 template <typename T, typename U>
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419 inline constexpr size_t indexOfType() {
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420 static_assert(HasType_<T, U>::value, "type not present");
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421 return IndexOfType_<T, U>::value;
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422 }
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423
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424 template <size_t i, typename T>
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425 struct TypeOfIndex_;
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426 template <typename T>
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427 struct TypeOfIndex_<0, T> {
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428 typedef T Type;
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429 };
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430 template <size_t i, typename T, typename... U>
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431 struct TypeOfIndex_<i, _::Tuple<T, U...>>
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432 : public TypeOfIndex_<i - 1, _::Tuple<U...>> {};
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433 template <typename T, typename... U>
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434 struct TypeOfIndex_<0, _::Tuple<T, U...>> {
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435 typedef T Type;
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436 };
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437
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438 template <size_t i, typename Tuple>
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439 using TypeOfIndex = typename TypeOfIndex_<i, Tuple>::Type;
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440
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441 } // namespace kj
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442
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443 KJ_END_HEADER
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